{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T07:38:09Z","timestamp":1768635489011,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Elderly people are at great risk for influenza\u2010related serious complications. However, influenza vaccine\u2010induced antibodies are believed to decline more rapidly in the elderly. This study was designed to evaluate the long\u2010term and cross\u2010reactive immunogenicity among those aged \u226565 years for two seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines during the 2009\u20132010 influenza season. One vaccine had the MF59 adjuvant, while the other did not contain an adjuvant. Serum hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) titers were determined pre\u2010vaccination and at 1 and 6 months post\u2010vaccination. Of the 100 subjects, 95 (95%) were followed\u2010up for 1 month after vaccination, and 76 (76%) were followed\u2010up for 6 months after vaccination. Both vaccines met the European Medicines Agency (EMA) criteria 1 month after vaccination. However, seroprotection for influenza B was not satisfactory, with a rate of 55.3% for the MF59 adjuvant vaccine and 47.9% for the vaccine without adjuvant. At 6 months post\u2010vaccination, the MF59\u2010adjuvanted vaccine showed a higher seroprotection rate than the unadjuvanted vaccine. At this point, the MF59\u2010adjuvanated vaccine still met the criteria of EMA for A\/H1N1 (62.5% vs. 55.5%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.64) and A\/H3N2 (72.5% vs. 47.2%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). Both vaccines showed excellent cross\u2010reactive immunogenicity for influenza A\/Solomon Island\/3\/2006 (H1N1) and A\/Wisconsin\/67\/2005 (H3N2), without significant differences. In comparison, cross\u2010reactive immunogenicity was not remarkable for the A\/California\/7\/2009 (H1N1) and A\/New Caledonia\/20\/1999 (H1N1) strains, which have a greater antigenic distance. In conclusion, the MF59\u2010adjuvanted influenza vaccine showed superior long\u2010term immunogenicity in the elderly compared to the unadjuvanted vaccine. However, cross\u2010reactive immunogenicity was not remarkably enhanced with the MF59 adjuvant. <jats:bold><jats:italic>J. Med. Virol. 85:1591\u20131597, 2013<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T15:23:00Z","timestamp":1373642580000},"page":"1591-1597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Long\u2010term and cross\u2010reactive immunogenicity of inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine in the elderly: MF59\u2010adjuvanted vaccine versus unadjuvanted vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Joon Young","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII) Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee Jin","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII) Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Yun","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu Bin","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won Suk","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geum Joo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guro\u2010Gu Public Health Center Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taik Gun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guro\u2010Gu Public Health Center Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Asian Pacific Influenza Institute (APII) Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","unstructured":"ChunBC ChoiWS KimJ JeongSY JangEJ LeeHJ KimWJ CheongHJ.2011.Estimation of mortality and morbidity attributable to influenza by influenza virus types and subtypes in Korea. 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