{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T09:48:49Z","timestamp":1778665729035,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]],"date-time":"2013-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Primary herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV\u20101) and varicella\u2010zoster virus (VZV) infection leads to a life\u2010long latent infection of ganglia innervating the oral mucosa. HSV\u20101 and VZV reactivation is more common in immunocompromised individuals and may result in viral shedding in saliva. We determined the kinetics and quantity of oral HSV\u20101 and VZV shedding in HSV\u20101 and VZV seropositive individuals infected with HIV and to assess whether HSV\u20101 shedding involves reactivation of the same strain intra\u2010individually. HSV\u20101 and VZV shedding was determined by real\u2010time PCR of sequential daily oral swabs (n\u2009=\u2009715) collected for a median period of 31 days from 22 individuals infected with HIV. HSV\u20101 was genotyped by sequencing the viral thymidine kinase gene. Herpesvirus shedding was detected in 18 of 22 participants. Shedding of HSV\u20101 occurred frequently, on 14.3% of days, whereas solely VZV shedding was very rare. Two participants shed VZV. The median HSV\u20101 load was higher compared to VZV. HSV\u20101 DNA positive swabs clustered into 34 shedding episodes with a median duration of 2 days. The prevalence, duration and viral load of herpesvirus shedding did not correlate with CD4 counts and HIV load. The genotypes of the HSV\u20101 viruses shed were identical between and within shedding episodes of the same person, but were different between individuals. One\u2010third of the individuals shed an HSV\u20101 strain potentially refractory to acyclovir therapy. Compared to HSV\u20101, oral VZV shedding is rare in individuals infected with HIV. Recurrent oral HSV\u20101 shedding is likely due to reactivation of the same latent HSV\u20101 strain. <jats:bold><jats:italic>J. Med. Virol. 85:1669\u20131677, 2013<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]],"date-time":"2013-06-18T20:43:01Z","timestamp":1371588181000},"page":"1669-1677","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Longitudinal study on oral shedding of herpes simplex virus 1 and varicella\u2010zoster virus in individuals infected with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Monique","family":"van Velzen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viroscience Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Werner J.D.","family":"Ouwendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viroscience Erasmus MC Rotterdam The 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