{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:18:42Z","timestamp":1765887522117,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]],"date-time":"2013-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["09\/53.270-0","09\/53.306-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/53.270-0","09\/53.306-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FFM"},{"name":"HC-FMUSP"},{"name":"Alves de Queiroz Family Fund"},{"name":"Tropical Medicine Institute of S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The host immune response, including innate and adaptive immunity, plays a critical role in determining the outcome of viral infection. Nevertheless, little is known about the exact reasons for the failure of the host immune system in controlling hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Impairment of dendritic cells (DCs) function is probably one of the mechanisms responsible for immune evasion of HCV. In this study, the frequency and phenotype of DCs subsets were analyzed in three groups: HCV\u2010infected individuals who developed viral persistence (1), HCV\u2010infected individuals who spontaneously cleared the virus (2) and HCV\u2010seronegative uninfected subjects (3). The results showed that the frequency of DCs subsets was not statistically significant between groups. Plasmacytoid DCs circulating exhibited an immature phenotype characterized by low expression of CD86. On the other hand, CD86 expression in myeloid DCs was significantly higher in chronic infected individuals compared to healthy controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037). A positive correlation was observed between CD86<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> myeloid DC (mDC) and HCV viral load (r\u2009=\u20090.4121, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0263). These results suggest that HCV did not have an inhibitory effect on mDC maturation and the HCV viremia drives the increase of CD86 expression in mDC. The regulation of DCs maturation and migration lies at the level of intracellular signaling. HCV can activate or block intracellular signaling pathways and alter DC function. In conclusion, the present study suggests that imbalance of DC maturation by the virus represents a mechanism of evasion of the immune system despite the fact that HCV viremia appears to exert a \u201cstimulatory\u201d effect on cell\u2010surface immune phenotype. <jats:bold><jats:italic>J Med. Virol. 85:1919\u20131924, 2013<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]],"date-time":"2013-08-08T05:09:59Z","timestamp":1375938599000},"page":"1919-1924","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["HCV viremia drives an increment of CD86 expression by myeloid dendritic cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"F.M.","family":"Malta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.R.","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Allergy Branch, Department of Internal Medical School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo 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