{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:20:14Z","timestamp":1762521614617,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]],"date-time":"2013-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010753","name":"National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001323","name":"Poliomyelitis Research Foundation (PRF).","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious global health problem, and HBV genotype is an important determinant of disease progression and treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to assess variations of the precore\/core (preC\/C) region in HBV genotype A. Sequencing of the preC\/C and surface (S) genes of HBV was performed on plasma samples from 20 HBV\/HIV co\u2010infected and 5 HBV mono\u2010infected individuals. All preC\/C study sequences clustered with subgenotype A1, except for two which clustered with subgenotype D4 reference strains. The nucleotide and amino acid variability was far higher in the preC\/C region than in the S region. Mutations associated with reduction or failure of HBV e\u2010antigen (HBeAg) production were observed, with a preC start codon mutation being common (24%). Other mutations (e.g., P5H\/L and I97L) associated with severe liver disease were also noticed, some of which were located in the major histocompatibility restricted sites. PreC\/C intergenotype nucleotide divergence was &gt;7%, while subgenotypes differed by 2.5\u20137%. Several study sequences were highly divergent from other African subgenotype A1 strains. This study showed that HBeAg\u2010negative chronic hepatitis B is underestimated in subgenotype A1, and also highlighted the variant South African A1 strains. The major advantage of preC\/C sequencing is that it informs patient management as HBeAg\u2010negative chronic hepatitis B responds poorly to conventional interferon\u2010\u03b1 therapy, and some guidelines treat HBeAg\u2010negative chronic hepatitis B differently from HBeAg\u2010positive chronic hepatitis B. These data suggest that subgenotype A1 may be more involved in severe HBV\u2010related diseases. <jats:bold><jats:italic>J Med. Virol. 85:1883\u20131892, 2013<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]],"date-time":"2013-08-08T05:10:11Z","timestamp":1375938611000},"page":"1883-1892","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Variability of the preC\/C region of hepatitis B virus genotype A from a South African cohort predominantly infected with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Simnikiwe H.","family":"Mayaphi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Virology University of Pretoria\/Tshwane Academic Division of NHLS Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Desmond J.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Virology University of Pretoria\/Tshwane Academic Division of NHLS Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Jeffrey","family":"Mphahlele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology University of Limpopo, MEDUNSA Campus\/National Health Laboratory Service Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason T.","family":"Blackard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheila M.","family":"Bowyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Virology University of Pretoria\/Tshwane Academic Division of NHLS Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2012.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1508.081642"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(05)80015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2002.00304.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra031087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.27834"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199601)48:1<38::AID-JMV6>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2004.00534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbn013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20311"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047372"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19749-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00793-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199106133242405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046345"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.4944"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2005.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81614-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.12.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2010.25.6.882"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-74-11-2391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.24.15467-15476.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.20.4354"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.23695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.23695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T05:20:27Z","timestamp":1696396827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.23695"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.23695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.23695","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0146-6615"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1096-9071"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]}}}