{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:10:01Z","timestamp":1762899001528},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection presents an important, but underappreciated public health problem in Africa. In C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, very little is known about the molecular dynamics of HCV infection. Plasma samples (n\u2009=\u2009608) from pregnant women collected in 1995 from C\u00f4te d'Ivoire were analyzed in this study. Only 18 specimens (\u223c3%) were found to be HCV PCR\u2010positive. Phylogenetic analysis of the HCV NS5b sequences showed that the HCV variants belong to genotype 1 (HCV1) (n\u2009=\u200912, 67%) and genotype 2 (HCV2) (n\u2009=\u20096, 33%), with a maximum genetic diversity among HCV variants in each genotype being 20.7% and 24.0%, respectively. Although all HCV2 variants were genetically distant from each other, six HCV1 variants formed two tight sub\u2010clusters belonging to HCV1a and HCV1b. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic structure of HCV isolates from West Africa with C\u00f4te d'Ivoire included were significantly different from Central African strains (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001). Examination of intra\u2010host viral populations using next\u2010generation sequencing of the HCV HVR1 showed a significant variation in intra\u2010host genetic diversity among infected individuals, with some strains composed of sub\u2010populations as distant from each other as viral populations from different hosts. Collectively, the results indicate a complex HCV evolution in C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, similar to the rest of West Africa, and suggest a unique HCV epidemic history in the country. <jats:bold><jats:italic>J. Med. Virol. 86:765\u2012771, 2014<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:bold> Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T11:34:25Z","timestamp":1392204865000},"page":"765-771","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Intra\u2010host diversity and evolution of hepatitis C virus endemic to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Forbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GEORGIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GEORGIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Purdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GEORGIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoya E.","family":"Dimitrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GEORGIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Skums","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GEORGIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo\u2010liang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GEORGIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili T.","family":"Punkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GEORGIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilia M.","family":"Ganova\u2010Raeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GEORGIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilberto","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GEORGIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousr","family":"Ben\u2010Ayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GEORGIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Switzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Branch Division of HIV\/AIDS National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GEORGIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yury E.","family":"Khudyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GEORGIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis361"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in Abidjan Cote d'Ivoire: Heterogeneity of genotypes","volume":"3","author":"Bengue AKKM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci Res Essay"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.14.7914-7923.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.6.2451"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90015-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2323"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"EASL International Consensus Conference on hepatitis C. 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