{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:23:34Z","timestamp":1789773814309,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Cytokine profiles may impact the pathogenicity and severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by human enterovirus (HEV) 71. In 91 severe or mild HEV 71\u2010associated hand, foot, and mouth disease children, serum was collected between days 2 and 10 or day &gt;10. Serum cytokines including Type 1 T helper (Th1) cytokines: interleukin (IL)\u20102, interferon\u2010gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3), IL\u201012, and IL\u201018, Type 1 T helper (Th2) cytokines: IL\u20104, IL\u201010, IL\u201013, proinflammatory cytokines: IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201017, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), were assessed during the early stage and recovery. In the patients with mild illness, the peaks of IL\u20108 and IL\u201010 were observed on day 6 and that of IL\u201018 was on day 4. In the patients with severe illness, all cytokines spiked on day 3 and peaked on day 11. All cytokines except IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201018, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 were significantly correlated with immunoglobulin M levels by the end of the disease course. Cytokine profile variations between the patients with mild and severe illness may indicate prognosis and strain virulence, useful in clinical treatment of patients. <jats:bold><jats:italic>J. 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Virol. 86:1377\u20131385, 2014<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T10:51:18Z","timestamp":1394535078000},"page":"1377-1385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Serum cytokine profiles of children with human enterovirus 71\u2010associated hand, foot, and mouth disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University) National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 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