{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T14:13:13Z","timestamp":1784038393147,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]],"date-time":"2014-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Rubella virus outbreaks usually occur when a large numbers of susceptible individuals accumulate. The disease presents clinically with fever and maculopapular rash. The present study reports the investigation of rubella outbreak in a modern and well\u2010planned village near Chandigarh, North India. The blood samples were collected from 39 cases with febrile rash and from 15 age and sex matched healthy controls residing in the same locality and subjected for the detection of Rubella IgM and IgG antibodies by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The throat swabs, urine and blood samples from acute cases were also collected and subjected to RT\u2010PCR using the primers targeting the E1 region. The genetic characterization of the rubella virus was carried out to identify the circulating genotypes. In the present outbreak, 13 laboratory confirmed cases were reported. Rubella IgM antibodies were detected in 12\/39 (30.7%) patients. Rubella RNA could be detected in 83.3% (5\/6) of urine, 22.2% (2\/9) of throat swabs, and 8.3% (1\/12) of blood samples. The rubella genotype responsible for the present outbreak was identified as genotype 1a. This outbreak highlights the need for the introduction of rubella vaccine in the National Immunization Programme of India to prevent outbreaks and to aim towards the eradication of this disease. This study reports the presence of genotype 1a in North India for the first time and stresses the need for further molecular work to identify the circulating strains of the virus. <jats:bold><jats:italic>J. Med. Virol. 87:344\u2013349, 2015<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]],"date-time":"2014-08-25T09:52:13Z","timestamp":1408960333000},"page":"344-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Rubella outbreak in the union territory of Chandigarh, North India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Mini P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radha Kanta","family":"Ratho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01231-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15897-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"2007 Elsevier BV Amsterdam J Banatvala JE Banatvala CS Peckham Clinical features: Postnatally acquired rubella 19 37"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-1237(07)80058-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470020970.ch12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 0000. Rubella virus. Laboratory Protocols: Clinical specimens. Available athttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/rubella\/lab\/lab\u2010specimens.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measles and Rubella initiative","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annual Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.1999.0568"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23675"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-012-0087-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21941"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.4603"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"2127","volume-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"Gershon AA","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-009-0124-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-012-0116-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"1069","volume-title":"Fields Virology. Fields Virology","author":"Knipe DM","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"CDC Manual for the surveillance of Vaccine\u2010Preventable Diseases","author":"McLean H","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.2013. Nationwide Rubella Epidemic\u2014Japan 2013.62:457\u2013462."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.042010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.4342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"735","volume-title":"Vaccines. Fifth edition","author":"Plotkin SARS","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-007-0026-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.44962"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21672"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.118704"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","unstructured":"Weekly Epidemiology Report.2013. WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER).88:337\u2013348."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e31824df256"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2003. Strategic plan for measles and congenital rubella infection in the european region of WHO:1\u201329."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Manual for laboratory diagnosis of measles and rubella virus infection","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2012a. Global measles and rubella strategic plan: 2012\u20102020:10\u201337."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2012b. Eliminating measles and rubella: Framework for the verification process in the WHO European Region.1\u201320."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0912.030242"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00289-07"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.24056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.24056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T11:49:39Z","timestamp":1696333779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.24056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.24056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.24056","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,25]]}}}