{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:15:31Z","timestamp":1787062531433,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]],"date-time":"2015-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) usually have an unfavorable clinical outcome in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients. In Egypt, data about epidemiology, the spectrum of disease, and impact of HDV on HBV infection are rare. To assess the prevalence, clinical and virological characteristics of HDV infection among Egyptian patients with chronic HBV. Adult patients with Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)\u2010positive were evaluated for the presence of HDV using anti HDV\u2010IgG and HDV RNA by RT\u2010PCR. Routine laboratory investigations, genotypes and subtypes for both HBV and HDV, abdominal sonography, and transient elastography (TE) were done. Liver biopsy was performed only in whenever indicated. One hundred and twenty\u2010one treatment\u2010na\u00efve chronic HBV patients were included. Wild HBV genotype\u2010D2 was found in 98.2% and 81.9% were HBeAg negative. Prevalence of HDV was 8.3% by anti\u2010HDV IgG and 9.9% by RT\u2010PCR. Wild HDV genotype\u2010IIb was reported in 83.3%. HDV infection was more common in males, 90.9% of delta patients were HBeAg negative. Compared to the mono\u2010infected HBV, concomitant HBV\/HDV infection was not associated with more derangment in ALT nor advanced stage of fibrosis. 66.7% of HDV patients had significantly lower HBV\u2010DNA level compared to the non\u2010delta patients (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). HDV is not uncommon in Egypt. HBV genotype\u2010D was associated with HDV genotype\u2010IIb. Delta infection was associated with negative HBeAg status, reduction of HBV replication, but neither influenced the clinical course nor increased significant liver damage risk.\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>J. Med. Virol. 88:837\u2013842, 2016<\/jats:italic>\n                        .\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,21]],"date-time":"2015-10-21T17:28:46Z","timestamp":1445448526000},"page":"837-842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Influence of delta virus infection on the virologic status in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis B virus genotype D"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Rabab","family":"Fouad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endemic Hepatology and Gasteroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Abdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endemic Hepatology and Gasteroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadeel Gamal","family":"Eldeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endemic Hepatology and Gasteroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Sabry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira","family":"Atef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endemic Hepatology and Gasteroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endemic Hepatology and Gasteroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naglaa","family":"Zayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endemic Hepatology and Gasteroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Hepatitis D virus infection in Isfahan, central Iran: Prevalence and risk factors among chronic HBV infection cases","volume":"11","author":"Ataei B","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.19.9016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"313","article-title":"Prevalence of delta antibodies among urban HBsAg positive chronic liver disease patients in Egypt","volume":"35","author":"El Zayadi 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