{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T23:59:03Z","timestamp":1779235143815,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology , Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Chikungunya virus, a small (about 60\u201370\u2009nm diameter), spherical, enveloped, positive, single stranded RNA virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. After a short period of incubation (3\u20135 days) symptoms like fever with joint pains and others start appearing. After a gap of 20 years, this virus re\u2010emerged during 2006\u20132008 in India causing a major outbreak of CHIKV in India. This study was conducted subsequent to the major outbreak in order to evaluate the proportion of chikungunya virus infection in children with suggestive symptoms at three geographical locations of India. Lineage of circulating strains and changes in the E1 structural polypeptide were also determined. Blood samples were collected (in Sodium citrate vacutainer tubes) during 1st June 2009 to 31st May 2010 from children (age 0\u2009\u2264\u200918 years) suspected to have chikungunya infection, that is, those who presented with sudden onset of fever and\/or joint pain, myalgia, and headache from three regions of India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) in Hubli and Sawai Mansingh Medical College (SMS) in Jaipur. Detection of CHIKV antibodies in all acute\u2010phase patient plasma samples was done by IgM ELISA and for samples within \u22645 days of fever, a one\u2010step RT\u2010PCR was carried out on a block thermo\u2010cycler targeting 294\u2009bp region of E1 gene that codes for the viral envelope protein. Comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences from few positive samples of two regions was done with African S\u201027 reference strain using BioEdit. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 6 by using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Kimura 2\u2010parameter model. Out of the 723 acute phase samples tested from three geographical locations of India, Chikungunya virus infection was detected in 249\/723 (34.44%) subjects by either IgM Elisa (180\/723) or RT\u2010PCR (69\/412). RT\u2010PCR was employed in samples collected from children with \u22645 days of fever. Maximum positive cases were from KIMS center, Hubli. Seasonally, positivity varied with number of enrolled cases at KIMS and SMS. Joint pain was significantly associated with CHIKV positivity (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.0156). Presence\/absence of certain clinical features varied with age (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.05). Sequence analysis revealed four amino acid changes. Phylogenetic analysis with partial sequences of E1 gene from KIMS (n\u2009=\u200912) and SMS (n\u2009=\u20095) showed that the study isolates clustered with Indian Ocean Lineage strains (IOL) of East, Central and South African (ECSA) type. Evaluation of chikungunya virus infection in children from India during 2009\u20132010 showed high proportion of CHIKV infection in Southern region of India compared to Northern region. The circulating CHIKV strains were of Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL) group within the East, Central, and South African (ECSA) genotype. However few amino acid changes were observed in E1 polypeptide with reference to African strain S\u201027 (AF369024). Further studies are needed to know the implications of these changes in vector\u2010pathogen compatibility and host\u2010pathogen interactivity. As a whole, this study highlighted the proportion of CHIKV cases, lineage of causative strain and evolutionary pattern of circulating strain in terms of amino acid changes in the structural protein. <jats:bold><jats:italic>J. Med. Virol. 88:923\u2013930, 2016<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]],"date-time":"2015-11-18T21:39:38Z","timestamp":1447882778000},"page":"923-930","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of chikungunya virus infection in children from India during 2009\u20132010: A cross sectional observational study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"B. Siva","family":"Raghavendhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pratima","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science Jamia Hamdard  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinod H.","family":"Ratagiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics  Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences Hubli Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.S.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Sawai Man Singh Medical College Jaipur Rajasthan India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sushil K.","family":"Kabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Lodha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.63.65","article-title":"A case of chikungunya fever imported from India to Japan, follow\u2010up of specific IgM and IgG antibodies over a 6\u2010month period","volume":"63","author":"Aoyama I","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1507.080638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10085"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-12-3075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"534","article-title":"Molecular characterization of chikungunya virus from Andhra Pradesh, India, & phylogenetic relationship with Central African isolates","volume":"126","author":"M Naresh Kumar CV","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000928"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1508.081486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Outbreak of chikungunya due to virus of Central\/East African genotype in Malaysia","volume":"62","author":"Noridah O","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"NVBDCP Health Report. 2009\u201015. 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