{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:08:45Z","timestamp":1762542525162},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Brazilian Federal Agency for the Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004263","name":"Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio Grande do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006506","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006506","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>A number of studies have demonstrated associations between cytokine gene polymorphisms and outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, no general consensus has been reached, possibly due to differences between ethnic groups. In this study, 345 individuals living in southern Brazil, including 196 chronic HBV carriers and 149 subjects who had spontaneously recovered from acute infection, were enrolled to evaluate the influence of cytokine gene polymorphisms on the outcome of HBV infection. Most participants were of European descent. Genotyping of IL2\u2010330 G\/T, IL4\u2010589C\/T, IL6\u2010174 G\/C, IL10\u2010592C\/A, IL10\u20101082 A\/G, IL17A\u2010197 G\/A, IL17A\u2010692 T\/C, TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010238 G\/A, and TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010308 G\/A single nucleotide polymorphisms was performed by using the minisequencing (single base extension) method. By multivariable analysis, a statistically significant association was found between genotypic profile AA\u2009+\u2009GA in TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010308 and chronic HBV infection (OR, 1.82; 95%CI, 1.01\u20133.27; <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.046). In southern Brazil, the carriers of the \u2212308A allele in the TNF\u2010\u03b1 gene promoter have a moderately higher risk of becoming chronic carriers in case of HBV infection. In addition, patients with chronic active hepatitis B (n\u2009=\u200960) exhibited a decreased frequency (3.3%) of the TNF\u2010238A allele when compared to that (14.8%) found among asymptomatic HBV carriers (n\u2009=\u2009136), suggesting that this could be a protective factor against liver injury (OR, 0.17; 95%CI, 0.04\u20130.076; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023). <jats:bold><jats:italic>J. Med. 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