{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:10:26Z","timestamp":1787501426880,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,30]],"date-time":"2016-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["07JJ5055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07JJ5055"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are an important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs). HPIV\u20104, a newly identified virus, has been associated with severe ALRTIs recently. A total of 771 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from hospitalized children between March 2010 and February 2011. HPIVs were detected by Nest\u2010PCR, and other known respiratory viruses were detected by RT\u2010PCR and PCR. All amplification products were sequenced. HPIVs were detected in 151 (19.58%) patients, of whom 28 (3.63%) were positive for HPIV\u20104, 12(1.55%) for HPIV\u20101, 4 (0.51%) for HPIV\u20102, and 107 (13.87%) for HPIV\u20103. Only three were found to be co\u2010infected with different types of HPIVs. All HPIV\u2010positive children were under 5 years of age, with the majority being less than 1 year. Only the detection rate of HPIV\u20103 had a significant statistical difference (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200929.648,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.000) between ages. HPIV\u20103 and HPIV\u20104 were detected during the summer. Sixty (39.74%) were co\u2010infected with other respiratory viruses, and human rhinovirus (HRV) was the most common co\u2010infecting virus. The most frequent clinical diagnosis was bronchopneumonia, and all patients had cough; some patients who were infected with HPIV\u20103 and HPIV\u20104 had polypnea and cyanosis. No significant difference was found in clinical manifestations between those who were infected with HPIV\u20104 and HPIV\u20103. Two genotypes for HPIV\u20104 were prevalent, although HPIV\u20104a dominated. HPIV\u20104 is an important virus for children hospitalized with ALRTIs in China. HRV was the most common co\u2010infecting virus. Two genotypes for HPIV\u20104 are prevalent, HPIV\u20104a dominated.\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>J. Med. Virol. 88:2085\u20132091, 2016<\/jats:italic>\n                        .\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]],"date-time":"2016-05-21T09:14:55Z","timestamp":1463822095000},"page":"2085-2091","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Human parainfluenza virus types 1\u20134 in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory infections in China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Ni\u2010guang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Hunan Provincial China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao\u2010jun","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi\u2010ping","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010li","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Hunan Provincial China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai\u2010zhen","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Hunan Provincial China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hunan 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