{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:16:43Z","timestamp":1788967003565,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,10]],"date-time":"2016-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Human T\u2010cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV\u20101) is associated with two progressive diseases: HTLV\u20101\u2010associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) and adult T\u2010cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATLL). Although HTLV\u20101 proviral load (PVL) has been introduced as a risk factor for these diseases\u2019 progression, it is not sufficient on its own to yield an accurate estimation of the outcome of the infection. In the present study, PVL and <jats:italic>HTLV\u20101 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ)<\/jats:italic> expression level as viral factors, and <jats:italic>IFN \u03bb3<\/jats:italic> as a host factor, were evaluated in HAM\/TSP patients and HTLV\u20101 asymptomatic carriers (ACs). During 2014\u20132015, 12 HAM\/TSP patients and 18 ACs who had been referred to the HTLV\u20101 Clinic, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran, were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and the DNA and mRNA were extracted for quantification of <jats:italic>HBZ, IFN \u03bb3<\/jats:italic> expression, and PVL using real\u2010time PCR (TaqMan method). Although the PVL was higher in the HAM\/TSP group, with a 94% confidence interval, there were no considerable differences in terms of <jats:italic>HBZ<\/jats:italic> mRNA and PVL between ACs and HAM patients. <jats:italic>IFN \u03bb3<\/jats:italic> expression in the HAM\/TSP group was significantly higher than in the ACs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the expression level of <jats:italic>IFN \u03bb3<\/jats:italic> in HTLV\u20101 positive patients. The immune response against HTLV\u20101 viral antigens and virulent factors will therefore further refine our knowledge of interactions between the virus and host in the pathogenesis of HTLV\u20101\u2010related disorders. The virus PVL and the host <jats:italic>IFN \u03bb3<\/jats:italic> can be used as pathogenic factors of HTLV\u20101 infected patients at risk of HAM\/TSP manifestation. <jats:bold><jats:italic>J. Med. Virol. 89:1102\u20131107, 2017<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T12:10:10Z","timestamp":1479211810000},"page":"1102-1107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of <i>HTLV\u20101 HBZ<\/i> and proviral load, together with host <i>IFN \u03bb3<\/i>, in pathogenesis of HAM\/TSP"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Sayed\u2010Hamidreza","family":"Mozhgani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najmeh","family":"Jaberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 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