{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T08:52:00Z","timestamp":1778057520710,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>In a recent testing in the metropolitan area of Naples, Italy, on 945 irregular immigrants or refugees, 87 HBsAg chronic carriers were identified, 53 of whom were infected by HBV\u2010genotype E. The aim of the present study was to identify the genetic diversity of HBV\u2010genotype E in these 53 immigrants. The 53 immigrant patients with HBV\u2010genotype\u2010E infection were born in Africa, central or eastern Asia, eastern Europe or Latin America. These patients had been seen for a clinical consultation at one of the four first\u2010level units from January 2012 to 2013. The first dataset contained 53 HBV\u2010S gene isolates plus 128 genotype\/subgenotype specific reference sequences downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The second dataset, comprising the 53 HBV\u2010S gene isolates, previously classified as HBV\u2010genotype E, was used to perform the time\u2010scaled phylogeny reconstruction using a Bayesian approach. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all 53 HBV\u2010S isolates belonged to HBV\u2010genotype E. Bayes factor analysis showed that the relaxed clock exponential growth model fitted the data significantly better than the other models. The time\u2010scaled Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the second dataset showed that the root of the tree dated back to the year 1990 (95% HPD:1984\u20132000). Four statistically supported clusters were identified. Cluster A dated back to 2012 (95% HPD:1997\u20132012); cluster B dated back to 2008 (95% HPD:2001\u20132015); cluster C to 2006 (95% HPD:1999\u20132013); cluster D to 2004 (95% HPD:1998\u20132011). This study disclosed the genetic evolution and phylogenesis in a group of HBV\u2010genotype\u2010E\u2010infected immigrants. <jats:bold><jats:italic>J. Med. 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