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Employing long RT\u2010PCR with Illumina sequencing, we quantified the gene mutation load at 0.5% mutation frequency for the 4529 bp\u2010domain spanning the Spike gene (4086\u2009bp) of HCoV\u2010OC43 in four upper respiratory clinical specimens obtained during acute illness. There were a total of 121 mutations for all four HCoV samples with the average number of mutations at 30.3\u2009\u00b1\u200910.2, which is significantly higher than that expected from the Illumina sequencing error rate. There were two mutation peaks, one at the 5\u2032 end and the other near position 1\u2009550 in the S1 subunit. Two coronavirus samples were genotype B and two were genotype D, clustering with HCoV\u2010OC43 strain AY391777 in neighbor\u2010joining tree phylogenetic analysis. Nonsynonymous mutations were 76.1\u2009\u00b1\u200914% of mutation load. Although lower than other RNA viruses such as hepatitis C virus, HCoV\u2010OC43 did exhibit quasi\u2010species. The rate of nonsynonymous mutations was higher in the HCoV\u2010OC43 isolates than in hepatitis C (HCV) virus genotype 1a isolates analyzed for comparison in this study. These characteristics of HCoV\u2010OC43 may affect viral replication dynamics, receptor binding, antigenicity, evolution, transmission, and clinical illness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]],"date-time":"2017-02-13T04:46:40Z","timestamp":1486961200000},"page":"1330-1338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Interpatient mutational spectrum of human coronavirus\u2010OC43 revealed by illumina sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4558-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey J.","family":"Gorse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VA St. Louis Health Care System St. Louis Missouri"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Allergy and Immunology Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gira 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