{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:11:40Z","timestamp":1784265100549,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]],"date-time":"2017-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004686","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004054","name":"King Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G\u2010145\u2010140\u201036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G\u2010145\u2010140\u201036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Flaviviruses represent a global public health concern. They consist of \u223c70 viruses with almost half of them causing human diseases with unspecified febrile illnesses. Cities in western Saudi Arabia are endemic for viruses (DENV) with sporadic infections due to Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV). They also represent a major destination for travelers coming for annual religious pilgrimages (Hajj and Umrah) from all over the world. However, whether other flaviviruses are circulating is not known because of the limited number of surveillance studies. Here, we retrospectively screened 690 samples for flaviviruses in samples from patients with unexplained febrile illnesses between 2010 and 2015 in western Saudi Arabia using a pan\u2010flaviviruses RT\u2010PCR assay. Despite Zika virus RNA was not detected, this study confirms circulation and\/or sporadic spread of DENV\u20102, DENV\u20103, and AHFV, higher prevalence of DENV\u20102, and a role for visitors from DENV endemic countries in DENV importation into the Kingdom. Further analysis also showed very low genetic diversity of AHFV confirming its slow microevolution. Accordingly, continuous and prospective surveillance for flaviviruses using such assay are warranted in Saudi Arabia which receives millions of Muslims annually to implement effective control measures in light of the global widespread and outbreaks of several flaviviruses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T11:36:50Z","timestamp":1487158610000},"page":"1339-1346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Phylogenetic characterization of circulating Dengue and Alkhumra Hemorrhagic Fever viruses in western Saudi Arabia and lack of evidence of Zika virus in the region: A retrospective study, 2010\u20102015"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Moneerah S.","family":"Al\u2010Saeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherif A.","family":"El\u2010Kafrawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suha A.","family":"Farraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tagreed L.","family":"Al\u2010Subhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norah A.","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arwa","family":"Alsultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huda G.","family":"Ben Helaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa M.","family":"Alshawdari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remi N.","family":"Charrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"UMR \u201cEmergence des Pathologies Virales\u201c (EPV: Aix\u2010Marseille university\u2014IRD 190\u2014Inserm 1207\u2014EHESP) Marseille France"},{"name":"Institut hospitalo\u2010universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e infection APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esam I.","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8471-7011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anwar M.","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(03)59001-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"KarabatsosN.1985. 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