{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T13:51:08Z","timestamp":1764251468182,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,14]],"date-time":"2017-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Adult T\u2010cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATL) occurs in approximately 5% of individuals infected with human T\u2010cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV\u20101). A high proviral load (PVL; more than four copies per 100 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or 1.6 copies per 100 blood leukocytes) and being male are risk factors for ATL development. Whether anti\u2010HTLV\u20101 antibody level is related to such risk is unknown. Here, PVL and antibody levels were examined using real\u2010time PCR and other tests in 600 HTLV\u20101 positive screened Japanese blood donors to understand the relationship between PVL and antibody level in asymptomatic carriers and to gain insights toward better antibody testing for HTLV\u20101 infection. The 430 donors in whom proviral DNA was detected were considered as true positives for HTLV\u20101 infection. Among donors aged 40 years or older, more males than females had a PVL corresponding to more than 1.6% infected leukocytes, and an antibody titer below the median (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0018). In antibody tests using an HTLV\u20101 positive cell line or Env antigens there was a large discrepancy in antibody titer among 13 provirus\u2010positive samples, probably suggesting that antibody\u2010based screening tests should incorporate multiple HTLV\u20101 antigens, such as Gag and Env antigens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T11:32:51Z","timestamp":1488454371000},"page":"1469-1476","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Analysis of HTLV\u20101 proviral load (PVL) and antibody detected with various kinds of tests in Japanese blood donors to understand the relationship between PVL and antibody level and to gain insights toward better antibody testing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4032-6465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chieko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Society Blood Service Headquarters Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuko","family":"Sagara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Society Kyushu Block Blood Center Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rieko","family":"Sobata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Society Blood Service Headquarters Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Society Kyushu Block Blood Center Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maiko","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Society Kyushu Block Blood Center Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeharu","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Society Blood Service Headquarters Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kiyokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Society Kyushu Block Blood Center Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Satake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Society Blood Service Headquarters Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Tadokoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Society Blood Service Headquarters Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.10.6476"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92413-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91431-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91298-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90699-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2010.01820.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-011-0934-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2004.00227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0232-2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1984.tb00083.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-257410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jms.2008.007082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"5290","article-title":"Detection of human T\u2010cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV\u2010I) provirus in an infected cell line and in peripheral mononuclear cells of blood donors by the nested double polymerase chain reaction method: comparison with HTLV\u2010I antibody tests","volume":"64","author":"Matsumoto C","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Viol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Architect HTLV assay: principal and performance of the third\u2010generation assay","volume":"36","author":"Sawano K","year":"2013","journal-title":"Seibutu Shiryou Bunseki"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12263"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Hematological and iron\u2010related analytes\u2014Reference data for persons aged 1 year and over: United States, 1988\u201394. 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