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While there is evidence supporting the premise that some herpesviruses may act as possible triggers of ME\/CFS, the involvement of herpesviruses in the pathophysiology of GWI has not been studied in spite of a higher prevalence of ME\/CFS in these patients. We have previously demonstrated that the deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolases (dUTPase) encoded by Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus\u20106 (HHV\u20106), and varicella\u2010zoster virus (VZV) possess novel functions in innate and adaptive immunity. The results of this study demonstrate that a significant percentage of patients with ME\/CFS (30.91\u201052.7%) and GWI (29.34%) are simultaneously producing antibodies against multiple human herpesviruses\u2010encoded dUTPases and\/or the human dUTPase when compared to controls (17.21%). GWI patients exhibited significantly higher levels of antibodies to the HHV\u20106 and human dUTPases than controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0053 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0036, respectively), while the ME\/CFS cohort had higher anti\u2010EBV\u2010dUTPase antibodies than in both GWI patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0008) and controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) as well as significantly higher anti\u2010human dUTPase antibodies than in controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0241). These results suggest that screening of patients\u2019 sera for the presence of various combinations of anti\u2010dUTPase antibodies could be used as potential biomarkers to help identify\/distinguish patients with these syndromes and better direct treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]],"date-time":"2017-03-17T05:36:38Z","timestamp":1489728998000},"page":"1636-1645","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome and gulf war illness patients exhibit increased humoral responses to the herpesviruses\u2010encoded dUTPase: Implications in disease pathophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Halpin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marshall 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