{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:38:12Z","timestamp":1761129492572,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The study characterized the virological patterns and the resistance\u2010associated substitutions (RASs) in patients with failure to IFN\u2010free regimens enrolled in the real\u2010life setting. All 87 consecutive HCV patients with failed IFN\u2010free regimens, observed at the laboratory of the University of Campania, were enrolled. All patients had been treated with DAA regimens according to the HCV genotype, international guidelines, and local availability. Sanger sequencing of NS3, NS5A, and NS5B regions was performed at failure by home\u2010made protocols. Of the 87 patients enrolled, 13 (14.9%) showed a misclassified HCV genotype, probably causing DAA failure, 16 had been treated with a sub\u2010optimal DAA regimen, 19 with a simeprevir\u2010based regimen and 39 with an optimal DAA regimen. A major RAS was identified more frequently in the simeprevir regimen group (68.4%) and in the optimal regimen group (74.4%) than in the sub\u2010optimal regimen group (56.3%). The prevalence of RASs in NS3 was similar in the three groups (30.8\u201057.9%), that in NS5A higher in the optimal regimen group (71.8%) than in the sub\u2010optimal regimen group (12.5%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and in the simeprevir regimen group (31.6%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0005), and that in NS5B low in all groups (0\u201025%). RASs in two or more HCV regions were more frequently identified in the optimal regimen group (46.6%) than in the simeprevir\u2010based regimen group (31.6%) and sub\u2010optimal regimen group (18.7%). In our real\u2010life population the prevalence of RASs was high, especially in NS3 and NS5A and in those treated with suitable DAA regimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T12:52:19Z","timestamp":1515588739000},"page":"942-950","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Virological patterns of HCV patients with failure to interferon\u2010free regimens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Starace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for the Identification of Prognostic Factors of Response to the Treatment Against Infectious Diseases University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Minichini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for the Identification of Prognostic Factors of Response to the Treatment Against Infectious Diseases University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"De Pascalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Viral Hepatitis, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Macera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Viral Hepatitis, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Occhiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for the Identification of Prognostic Factors of Response to the Treatment Against Infectious Diseases University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit AO Caserta Caserta Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Sangiovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Infectious Diseases Unit AORN dei Colli Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi E.","family":"Adinolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine University L. 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