{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:38:25Z","timestamp":1789907905306,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"LUA-ALF foundation of Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden","award":["ALF-Gbg 145-841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALF-Gbg 145-841"]}]},{"name":"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency: University of Rwanda-Sweden Program for Research, Higher Education and Institutional Advancement"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Seroprevalence studies provide information on the susceptibility to infection of certain populations, including women of childbearing age. Such data from Central Africa are scarce regarding two viruses that cause congenital infections: Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging mosquito\u2010borne infection, and Rubella virus (RuV), a vaccine\u2010preventable infection. We report on the seroprevalence of both ZIKV and RuV from Rwanda, a country without any known cases of ZIKV, but bordering Uganda where this virus was isolated in 1947. Anti\u2010ZIKV\u2010specific and anti\u2010RuV\u2010specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were analyzed by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples from 874 Rwandan and 215 Swedish blood donors. Samples positive for IgG antibodies against ZIKV were examined for viral RNA using real\u2010time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010qPCR). The seroprevalence of ZIKV IgG in Rwanda was 1.4% (12\/874), of which the predominance of positive findings came from the Southeastern region. All anti\u2010ZIKV IgG\u2010positive samples were PCR\u2010negative. Among 297 female blood donors of childbearing age, 295 (99.3%) were seronegative and thus susceptible to ZIKV. All Swedish blood donors were IgG\u2010negative to ZIKV. In contrast, blood donors from both countries showed high seroprevalence of IgG to RuV: 91.2% for Rwandan and 92.1% for Swedish donors. Only 10.5% (31\/294) of female donors of childbearing age from Rwanda were seronegative for RuV. In Rwanda, seroprevalence for ZIKV IgG antibodies was low, but high for RuV. Hence, women of childbearing age were susceptible to ZIKV. These data may be of value for decision\u2010making regarding prophylactic measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T04:39:44Z","timestamp":1523939984000},"page":"1290-1296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Seroprevalence of Zika virus and Rubella virus IgG among blood donors in Rwanda and in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3817-9838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Seruyange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Rwanda Huye Rwanda"},{"name":"Rwanda Military Hospital Kigali Rwanda"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Institute of Biomedicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Bosco","family":"Gahutu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Rwanda Huye Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude M.","family":"Muvunyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Rwanda Huye Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swaibu","family":"Katare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Blood Transfusion Rwanda Biomedical Centre Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vedaste","family":"Ndahindwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Rwanda Huye Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Sibomana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Expanded Program on Immunization Rwanda Biomedical Centre Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Nyamusore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemic Surveillance and Response Rwanda Biomedical Centre Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Rutagarama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rwanda Military Hospital Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Hannoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Institute of Biomedicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Norder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Institute of Biomedicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Institute of Biomedicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"WHO. 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