{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:23:11Z","timestamp":1785871391682,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]],"date-time":"2018-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["950054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["950054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The thioredoxin (Trx) system is a reducing complex, consisting of Trx, Trx reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, that scavenges reactive oxygen species. The system is a natural protective mechanism to prevent apoptosis and progression of oxidative stress\u2010related diseases. The present study was conducted to explore possible changes in TrxR activity and gene expression as a response to the oxidative stress during HTLV\u20101 infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood samples were collected from 40 HTLV\u20101\u2010infected patients and 40 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls. The patient group consisted of chronic asymptomatic carriers and HTLV\u20101\u2010associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\u2010TSP) patients. A commercial kit was used to measure the TrxR enzyme activity, and real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate TrxR gene expression in extracted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A decreasing pattern of TrxR enzyme activity was observed among control, carrier, and HAM\u2010TSP groups (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD; controls, 0.1734\u2009\u00b1\u20090.056; carriers, 0.134\u2009\u00b1\u20090.065; and HAM\u2010TSP, 0.0928\u2009\u00b1\u20090.047\u2009\u00b5mol\/min\/mL). Cellular TrxR gene expression showed the same decreasing trend. The fold differences of gene expression in carriers and HAM\u2010TSP groups compared with healthy controls were 0.8 and 0.7 vs 1, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found a reduction in TrxR expression as well as serum enzyme activity in HTLV\u20101\u2010infected individuals, particularly in HAM\u2010TSP patients. The reduced TrxR activity during HTLV\u20101 infection may hamper the natural protective mechanisms, thereby contributes to virus\u2010induced complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T14:32:15Z","timestamp":1543501935000},"page":"865-871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Thioredoxin reductase gene expression and activity among human T\u2010cell lymphotropic virus type 1\u2013infected patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Neda","family":"Yaghoubi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad 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