{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:06:24Z","timestamp":1777518384336,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main aims of the present study were to elucidate the systemic group A rotavirus (RVA) infection and to clarify the genetic changes of persistent virus in the X\u2010linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>RotaTeq vaccine (RV5) genotype\u2010specific real\u2010time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to monitor viral RNA load in serially collected serum and stool samples. Next\u2010generation sequence analysis was used to determine the genotype of the virus by sequencing 11 gene segments. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis was used to identify rearrangement of viral genes. The gene rearrangement was examined in NSP5 gene by using Sanger sequence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 7\u2010month\u2010old boy demonstrated chronic diarrhea following the third administration of RV5 and failure to thrive. He was diagnosed with X\u2010linked SCID and successfully underwent cord blood transplantation. High copy numbers of RV5 genotype G1 RNA were detected in serially collected stool and serum samples and the kinetics of viral RNA loads were correlated with the degree of clinical disease. Next\u2010generation sequence analysis revealed genetic reassortment at least between the strains WI79\u20109\/G1P7[5] and WI79\u20104\/G6P1A[8] in the VP7 gene and the VP4 gene among the vaccine\u2010derived rotavirus strains. In addition, PAGE analysis suggested genetic rearrangements in several genes, and it was confirmed in the NSP5 gene by sequence analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The kinetics of RVA RNA load in serum and stool samples was consistent with the clinical course of the patient. Among five genotypes of RV5 vaccine, G1 genotype replicated well in this patient. Reassortment and rearrangements were demonstrated in persistently infected G1 genotype of RV5.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T03:48:32Z","timestamp":1548647312000},"page":"1008-1013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Persistent systemic rotavirus vaccine infection in a child with X\u2010linked severe combined immunodeficiency"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2847-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsushi","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Aichi 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