{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:33:29Z","timestamp":1781105609879,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) is an important pathogen in respiratory infections, however the health burden of hPIV is underestimated. This study describes the infections by hPIV1\u20103 in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1990 to 2017, providing data of the frequency and seasonality of cases and associated clinical symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasopharyngeal samples of patients with respiratory infection were collected, clinical data were analyzed, and immunofluorescence was used to detect hPIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respiratory viruses were detected in 33.63% of respiratory infections. In a total of 11\u2009606 cases of viral respiratory infection, 781 were positive for hPIV; hPIV prevalence ranged from 2.14% to 27% of viral respiratory infections. hPIV1 circulates mainly during fall; hPIV3 circulation, in turn, starts in fall and peaks during spring; and cases of hPIV2 are reported along the year, with peaks in fall and early spring. The most affected age group was children, with hPIV prevalence of 74.23% in patients for less\u00a0than 1 year. A higher proportion of girls were infected than boys, however, no difference by sex was observed considering all age groups. The most frequent type was hPIV3, especially in hospitalized patients. Both hPIV1 and 3 were associated with dyspnea, while hPIV2 caused mild symptoms mainly in nonhospitalized patients. Nineteen fatalities occurred, 89.5% of them associated with risk factors (prematurity; chronic diseases; age, &lt;1 or &gt;60 years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>hPIV causes a high number of respiratory infections, leading to hospitalization especially in children; epidemiological and surveillance studies are important for the control and management of respiratory infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T22:10:42Z","timestamp":1552515042000},"page":"1423-1431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A 28\u2010year study of human parainfluenza in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9912-9060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana Sch\u00e4ffer","family":"Gregianini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul\u2014LACEN\/SES\u2010RS Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudete Farina","family":"Seadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul\u2014LACEN\/SES\u2010RS Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Domingos","family":"Zavarize Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre\u2014UFCSPA Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"},{"name":"Escola de Sa\u00fade Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos\u2014UNISINOS S\u00e3o Leopoldo Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Garay","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Estadual de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul\u2014CEVS\/SES\u2010RS Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Cerutti","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Sa\u00fade Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos\u2014UNISINOS S\u00e3o Leopoldo Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selir Maria","family":"Straliotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul\u2014LACEN\/SES\u2010RS Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Beatriz Gorini da","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre\u2014UFCSPA Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470015902.a0001078.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.242-264.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.35-6-217"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_6_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Viral diagnosis using the rapid immunofluorescence techniques and epidemiological implications of acute respiratory infections among children in different European countries","volume":"62","author":"\u00d8rstavick I","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.66.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-790X2010000200009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822002000400002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_10_1","unstructured":"Brasil. 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