{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:10:38Z","timestamp":1787731838908,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rapid diagnosis of influenza is important for early treatment and institution of control measures. In developing tropical countries such as Malaysia, influenza occurs all year round, but molecular assays and conventional techniques (such as immunofluorescence and culture) for diagnosis are not widely available. Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) may be useful in this setting. A total of 552 fresh respiratory specimens were assessed from patients with respiratory symptoms at a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from November 2017 to March 2018. Two digital immunoassays (DIAs), STANDARD F Influenza A\/B Fluorescence Immunoassay (STANDARD F) and Sofia Influenza A\u2009+\u2009B Fluorescence Immunoassay (Sofia) and one conventional RIDT (immunochromatographic assay), SD Bioline Influenza Ag A\/B\/A(H1N1) Pandemic rapid test kit (SD Bioline) were evaluated in comparison with a WHO\u2010recommended reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT\u2010qPCR). Of the 552 samples, influenza A virus was detected in 47 (8.5%) and influenza B virus in 7 (1.3%). The digital immunoassays STANDARD F and Sofia had significantly higher overall sensitivity rates (71.7% and 70.6%, respectively) than the conventional RIDT SD Bioline and immunofluorescence\/viral culture (55.8% and 52.8%, respectively). Sensitivity rates were higher for influenza A than influenza B, and specificity rates were uniformly high, ranging from 98% to 100%. Digital readout RIDTs can be used in tropical settings with year\u2010round influenza if PCR is unavailable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T11:49:29Z","timestamp":1556538569000},"page":"1562-1565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of rapid influenza diagnostic tests for influenza A and B in the tropics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Yoong Min","family":"Chong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu Hui","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poh Sim","family":"Hooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Virology Laboratory University Malaya Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu Mei","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Virology Laboratory University Malaya Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1296-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u2010Ching","family":"Sam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Diagnostic Virology Laboratory University Malaya Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7089-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoke Fun","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-32"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25313"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000246826.93142.b0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-7-201204030-00403"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0848"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2016.1189026"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_1_8_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of various rapid influenza diagnostic test methods for the detection of the novel influenza A (H1N1) in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre","volume":"65","author":"Zetti ZR","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_1_9_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO information for the molecular detection of influenza viruses. 2017. 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