{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:12:55Z","timestamp":1791213175470,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case series suggest that human T\u2010cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV\u20101) is associated with kidney disease; however, little is known about the impact of proviral load (PVL). The present study was commenced to determine whether higher HTLV\u20101 PVL is associated with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) in Indigenous Australians. A case\u2010control study was conducted in Alice Springs Hospital (ASH), 1 July 2007 to 30 November 2015. Cases included all 80 Indigenous adults (&gt;17 years) with HTLV\u20101c and ESKD, matched 1:1 by sex to controls with HTLV\u20101 who had no renal disease or other recognised disease associations of HTLV\u20101, and were recruited during the same period. The association between PVL and ESKD was assessed using logistic regression. Median (IQR) HTLV\u20101c PVL for subjects with ESKD (6.86, IQR (3.35, 8.23) log copies per 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) (ie, 0.95; IQR, 0.03; 3.70% PBL) was significantly higher than that of the asymptomatic group (3.47; IQR (\u22120.04, 6.61) log copies per 10\n<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> PBL (ie, 0.01; IQR, 0.00; 0.52% PBL) (asymptomatic vs ESKD, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> (ranksum)\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Major factors associated with ESKD were diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 21.80; 95% CI, 4.84, 98.22; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), hypertension (aOR, 4.16; 1.11, 15.64; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03), remote residence (aOR, 5.34; 95% CI, 1.17, 27.29; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03) and HTLV\u20101c PVL greater than or equal to 100 copies per 10\n<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> PBL (aOR, 3.67; 95% CI, 1.36, 9.92; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01). Higher HTLV\u20101c PVL are strongly associated with inflammatory diseases. The high HTLV\u20101c PVL reported here may have clinical implications for people with HTLV\u20101 who require haemodialysis. Longitudinal studies are required to determine whether this association is causal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,29]],"date-time":"2019-06-29T12:59:08Z","timestamp":1561813148000},"page":"1866-1872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Higher human T\u2010cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV\u20101) proviral load is associated with end\u2010stage kidney disease in Indigenous Australians: Results of a case\u2010control study in central Australia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8343-9777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Radwanur R.","family":"Talukder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aboriginal Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Alice Springs Hospital  Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Walley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Alice Springs Hospital  Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aboriginal Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Alice Springs Hospital  Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Schinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aboriginal Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Alice Springs Hospital  Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Woodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Flinders University  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NRL Testing National Serology Reference Laboratory  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherian","family":"Sajiv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Australia Renal Services Alice Springs Hospital  Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2517-6083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lloyd","family":"Einsiedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aboriginal Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Alice Springs Hospital  Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70081-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002418"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja16.00285"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2014.966690"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002643"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809114225"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006281"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_10_1","unstructured":"AIHW. 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