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The present study evaluated the possible association of <jats:italic>IL1RN<\/jats:italic> variable number tandem\u2010repeat (VNTR) alleles and genotypes, and CHIKV stimulated IL\u20101RN cytokine production with resistance and\/or susceptibility to chikungunya infection and disease state in 224 patients with\u00a0chikungunya (61 patients with\u00a0acute chikungunya and 163 patients with chronic chikungunya) and 355 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction, CHIKV stimulated cytokine assay and luminex platform were used for assessing polymorphism and protein levels respectively. The study revealed a significant association of <jats:italic>IL1RN<\/jats:italic>*1\/*1 genotype under recessive genetic model with the risk of developing chikungunya infection. Our findings also indicated that <jats:italic>IL1RN<\/jats:italic> *2 allele under dominant mode was associated with protection to chronic chikungunya. The results also revealed a higher production of IL\u20101 RN protein in patients with chronic chikungunya. To conclude, the results suggest the association of <jats:italic>ILRN<\/jats:italic> VNTR polymorphism and IL\u2010RN protein levels with chronic chikungunya.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]],"date-time":"2019-07-11T14:26:20Z","timestamp":1562855180000},"page":"1901-1908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association of <i>IL1RN<\/i> VNTR polymorphism with chikungunya infection: A study from Western India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8919-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuradha S.","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis Group ICMR\u2010National Institute of Virology  Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohini A.","family":"Ganu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeevan Hospital  Latur Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lata","family":"Sonam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis Group ICMR\u2010National Institute of Virology  Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Alagarasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Degue\/Chikungunya Group ICMR\u2010National Institute of Virology  Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atul M.","family":"Walimbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics &amp; Data Management Group ICMR\u2010National Institute of Virology  Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subrat","family":"Thanapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis Group ICMR\u2010National Institute of Virology  Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis Group ICMR\u2010National Institute of Virology  Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaila","family":"Puranik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology B.J. 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