{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T14:09:14Z","timestamp":1765807754795,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lower respiratory tract infections caused by <jats:italic>Human orthopneumovirus<\/jats:italic> are still a threat to the pediatric population worldwide. To date, the molecular epidemiology of the virus in Saudi Arabia has not been adequately charted. In this study, a total of 205 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract symptoms during the winter seasons of 2014\/15 and 2015\/16. <jats:italic>Human orthopneumovirus<\/jats:italic> was detected in 89 (43.4%) samples, of which 56 (27.3%) were positive for type A and 33 (16.1%) were positive for type B viruses. The fragment that spans the two hypervariable regions (HVR1 and HVR2) of the G gene of <jats:italic>Human orthopneumovirus<\/jats:italic> A was amplified and sequenced. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses have revealed a genotype shift from NA1 to ON\u20101, which was prevalent during the winter seasons of 2007\/08 and 2008\/09. Based on the intergenotypic <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010distance values, ON\u20101 was reclassified as a subgenotype of the most predominant genotype GA2. Three conserved N\u2010glycosylation sites were observed in the HVR2 of Saudi ON\u20101 strains. The presence of a 23 amino acid duplicated region in ON\u20101 strains resulted in a higher number of O\u2010glycosylation sites as compared to other genotypes. The data presented in this report outlined the replacement of NA1 and NA2 subgenotypes in Saudi Arabia with ON\u20101 within 7 to 8 years. The continuous evolution of <jats:italic>Human orthopneumovirus<\/jats:italic> through point mutations and nucleotide duplication may explain its ability to cause recurrent infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T11:28:07Z","timestamp":1574940487000},"page":"1133-1140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The emergence of subgenotype ON\u20101 of <i>Human orthopneumovirus type<\/i> A in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A new episode of the virus epidemiological dynamic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Farrag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haitham 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