{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:48:16Z","timestamp":1786978096701,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Seroprevalence studies on measles, mumps, and rubella immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies after the implementation of the measles\u2010mumps\u2010rubella (MMR) vaccine are lacking in Kuwait. This study is an age\u2010stratified serological study to assess the herd immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella among the young Kuwaiti population to evaluate the effectiveness of the MMR vaccine. IgG antibody titers to mumps, measles, and rubella were determined with commercial immune\u2010assay in serum samples of 1000 Kuwaitis aged 5 to 20 years. The highest level of seropositivity was to measles (94.6%), which was significantly higher in females than in males. The highest seronegativity was for mumps (29%). The percentage of the young Kuwaiti population who were serologically positive for all the components of the MMR vaccine was 47%, and 2% of the individuals were without any protective antibodies to measles, mumps, and rubella. Females aged 5 to 10 years were best protected to rubella; however, seronegativity in 8.2% of 11\u2010 to 20\u2010year\u2010old females makes them vulnerable to rubella virus infection and congenital complications during pregnancy. The study provided insight into the effect of the MMR vaccine on seroprevalence of antibodies against measles, mumps, and rubella in Kuwait, which will contribute to the global knowledge base of vaccine coverage and help to inform elimination strategies. The findings strengthen the need for a third dose of MMR vaccine and catch\u2010up campaigns for the young Kuwaiti population to increase vaccination coverage and prevent waning immunity, especially among those who received only one dose of the vaccine during childhood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T21:06:51Z","timestamp":1578604011000},"page":"963-970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessment of immune status against measles, mumps, and rubella in young Kuwaitis: MMR vaccine efficacy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4654-544X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada","family":"Madi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haya","family":"Altawalah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wadha","family":"Alfouzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Widad","family":"Al\u2010Nakib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebtehal","family":"Al\u2010Roumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Al\u2010Jahra Hospital, Ministry of Health  Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahlam","family":"Jeragh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Al\u2010Adan Hospital, Ministry of Health Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Seroprevalence survey on measles, mumps, rubella and varicella antibodies in healthcare workers in Japan: sex, age, occupational\u2010related differences and vaccine efficacy","volume":"142","author":"Kumakura S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S3-S20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014106"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Expanded programme on immunization (\u200eEPI)\u200e: immunization schedules in the WHO eastern Mediterranean region, 1995","volume":"71","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1996","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Global control and regional elimination of measles, 2000\u20102012","volume":"63","author":"Perry RT","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"A comparison of postelimination measles epidemiology in the United States, 2009\u20102014 versus 2001\u20102008","author":"Fiebelkorn AP","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1301.060649"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.10.99"},{"issue":"45","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"1270","article-title":"Mumps outbreak \u2010 New York, New Jersey, Quebec, 2009","volume":"58","author":"Bouyer D","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1252494"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420160048006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.06.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-199804000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80726-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/528993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605410"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800066875"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800004672"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0169561","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169561","article-title":"Mumps epidemiology and mumps virus genotypes circulating in mainland China during 2013\u20102015","volume":"12","author":"Aili C","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis568"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/528993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000356892"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.25665","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.25665","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.25665","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.25665","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T07:52:15Z","timestamp":1693900335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.25665"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.25665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25665","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}