{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:02:05Z","timestamp":1792648925893,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009706","name":"Erzincan \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COST Action CA15111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COST Action CA15111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003336","name":"Bulgarian National Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u0414\u041a\u041e\u0421\u042201\/9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u0414\u041a\u041e\u0421\u042201\/9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) is a disabling multisystem chronic disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of ME\/CFS are unknown. Infections of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus\u20106 (HHV\u20106) are suspected as etiological agents for ME\/CFS. This study aims to estimate prevalence and type (active\/latent) of EBV, CMV, and HHV\u20106 infections in Bulgarian ME\/CFS patients. In the study were included 58 patients with ME\/CFS and 50 healthy controls. Virus\u2010specific antibodies were detected by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay and viral genomic sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) and plasma samples by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We did not observe any significant differences in virus\u2010specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M positivity rates between patients with ME\/CFS and control group. In ME\/CFS plasma samples, EBV DNA was found in 24.1%, CMV DNA in 3.4%, and HHV\u20106 DNA in 1.7% of samples. EBV DNA was detected in 4%, and CMV and HHV\u20106 DNA were not found in plasma samples of controls. The frequency of viral genome detection in PBMCs of patients and controls was 74% vs 78% for CMV, 81% vs 84% for EBV, and 82.8% vs 82% for HHV\u20106. The difference in frequency of EBV active infection in ME\/CFS and control group was statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.0027). No ME\/CFS and control individuals with active CMV and HHV\u20106 infection were observed. In conclusion, this study using both serological and PCR\u2010based techniques for distinguishing between active and latent infection showed high rate of active EBV infection among patients with ME\/CFS indicating that at least in a subset of cases, EBV is important factor for the development of disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,4]],"date-time":"2020-03-04T06:12:01Z","timestamp":1583302321000},"page":"3682-3688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Cytomegalovirus, Epstein\u2010Barr virus, and human herpesvirus\u20106 infections in patients with myalgic \u0435ncephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4367-3518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelina","family":"Shikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Sofia Bulgaria"},{"name":"The National Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment in Haematological Diseases Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Reshkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital \u201cSt Ivan Rilski,\u201d Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0410ntoniya","family":"Kumanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevdalina","family":"Raleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Alexandrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment in Haematological Diseases Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasa","family":"Capo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Institute of Vojvodina Sremska Kamenica Serbia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Modra","family":"Murovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Virology Riga Stradins University Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"on behalf of the European Network on ME\/CFS (EUROMENE)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2006.042754"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00229"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-019-0388-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.Supplement_1.S130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/205085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1287654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1644-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2009.072561"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38933.585764.AE"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818000031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/324163a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.3.725-728.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92814-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.2.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"IgM serum antibodies to Epstein\u2010Barr virus are uniquely present in a subset of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Lerner AM","year":"2004","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.6.2.216-223.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01946"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.31.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000150450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"939","article-title":"Sleep, Epstein\u2010Barr virus infection, musculoskeletal pain, and depressive symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Whelton CL","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome and chronic EBV infection: a long\u2010term challenge in a single clinical case","volume":"1","author":"Fiore V","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Dis Trop Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00375\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-005-3588-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(99)00079-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(06)70011-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"IgM serum antibodies to human cytomegalovirus nonstructural gene products p52 and CM2 (UL44 and UL57) are uniquely present in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Lerner AM","year":"2002","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93018-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.5.1364"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.25744","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.25744","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.25744","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.25744","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T08:45:41Z","timestamp":1693212341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.25744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.25744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25744","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-01-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}