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The aim of this study is to assess the molecular epidemiology of viral enteric viruses and assess RV coinfections with other enteric viruses and their influence on disease severity before and after RV vaccine introduction in children under 5 years of age. A total of 600 samples collected from children hospitalized for AGE in five large hospitals in Norway, and were analyzed for viral gastroenteritis agents by enzyme immunoassay and quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR). Positive results confirmed either by Sanger sequencing or genotyped by multiplex semi\u2010nested RT\u2010PCR. In total, 243 of the 300 (81%) samples, collected from the prevaccine cohort, were positive for at least one of the four viruses tested in this study. RV was most frequently identified in 82.6% of the samples. In the postvaccine cohort, 114 of the 300 (38%) samples were positive for at least one of the viruses tested. RV found in 36.5% of the samples. Coinfections found less frequently in the postvaccine cohort. Among circulating enteric viruses in Norway, RV is the most important cause of viral gastrointestinal infection. As expected, there were fewer RV positive and fewer coinfections after RV vaccine implementation. The results provide valuable data that can aid in further evaluation of the vaccine impact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T08:13:24Z","timestamp":1589530404000},"page":"3151-3156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of rotavirus vaccine implementation on the prevalence of coinfections with enteric viruses in Norway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3561-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moustafa","family":"Gibory","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Virology Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9259-9572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Dembinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5099-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elmira","family":"Flem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Epidemiology and Modeling Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ildri","family":"Haltbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5047-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne G.","family":"Dudman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"285","volume-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61698-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S6554"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Acute gastroenteritis in children","volume":"34","author":"Webb A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001318"},{"issue":"50","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Noroviruses: the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide","volume":"10","author":"Koo HL","year":"2010","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000533"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31529-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760140381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0666-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2012.55.3.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-015-2387-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.05.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"LewisK.Vesikari Clinical Severity Scoring System Manual. 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