{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T13:40:45Z","timestamp":1793972445254,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with coronavirus disease\u20102019 may be discharged based on clinical resolution of symptoms, and evidence for viral RNA clearance from the upper respiratory tract. Understanding the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) viral clearance profile is crucial to establish a re\u2010testing plan on discharge and ending isolation of patients. We aimed to evaluate the number of days that a patient needed to achieve undetectable levels of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in upper respiratory tract specimens (nasopharyngeal swab and\/or an oropharyngeal swab). The clearance and persistence of viral RNA was evaluated in two groups of positive patients: those who achieved two negative reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) tests and those who kept testing positive. Patients were organized thereafter in two subgroups, mild illness patients discharged home and inpatients who had moderate to severe illness. Results from RT\u2010PCR tests were then correlated with results from the evaluation of the immune response. The study evidenced that most patients tested positive for more than 2 weeks and that persistence of viral RNA is not necessarily associated with severe disease but may result from a weaker immune response instead.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T18:08:10Z","timestamp":1591121290000},"page":"2227-2231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Clearance and persistence of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 RNA in patients with COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7704-4736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An\u00e1lia","family":"Carmo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology\/Virology,\u00a0Clinical Pathology Unit Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1444-4097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pereira\u2010Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology\/Virology,\u00a0Clinical Pathology Unit Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanda","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology\/Virology,\u00a0Clinical Pathology Unit Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology\/Virology,\u00a0Clinical Pathology Unit Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology\/Virology,\u00a0Clinical Pathology Unit Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreia Coelho","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology\/Virology,\u00a0Clinical Pathology Unit Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Camilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology\/Virology,\u00a0Clinical Pathology Unit Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina Silva","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Hematology Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabete","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Hematology Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Hematology Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Coucelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Hematology Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"Group of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra (FMUC),\u00a0Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB) Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Martinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Hematology Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lurdes","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology\/Virology,\u00a0Clinical Pathology Unit Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilberto","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology\/Virology,\u00a0Clinical Pathology Unit Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00edlia","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology\/Virology,\u00a0Clinical Pathology Unit Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology\/Virology,\u00a0Clinical Pathology Unit Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000774"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.Guidance for discharge and ending isolation in the context of widespread community transmission of COVID\u201019\u2014First Update Target Audience Scientific Evidence on SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Shedding.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID\u20102019","volume":"581","author":"W\u00f6lfel R","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0869-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"CDC\/DDID\/NCIRD\/Division of Viral Diseases.Real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR diagnostic panel for emergency use only. CDC\u2010006\u201000019 revision:03;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"1399","article-title":"Analytical performances of a chemiluminescence immunoassay for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgM\/IgG and antibody kinetics","author":"Padoan A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0473"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30083-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0311-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Longitudinal change of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019","author":"Zhang G","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","article-title":"Prolonged virus shedding even after seroconversion in a patient with COVID\u201019","author":"Wang\u2010Da Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detection of antibodies against SARS \u2010 CoV \u2010 2 in patients with","volume":"57","author":"Du Z","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","article-title":"The production and clinical implications of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies The production and clinical implications of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies","author":"Hu Q","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HouH WangT ZhangB et al. Detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.Clin Transl Immunol.2020;9:e1136.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cti2.1136","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30232-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.1.12"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.26103","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.26103","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.26103","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.26103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T16:20:32Z","timestamp":1693844432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.26103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.26103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26103","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}