{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:12:43Z","timestamp":1772118763935,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Case reports of patients with coronavirus disease\u20102019 (COVID\u201019) who have been discharged and subsequently report positive reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction again (hereafter referred as \u201cre\u2010positive\u201d) do not fully describe the magnitude and significance of this issue. To determine the re\u2010positive rate (proportion) and review probable causes and outcomes, we conduct a retrospective study of all 119 discharged patients in Brunei Darussalam up till April 23. Patients who were discharged are required to self\u2010isolate at home for 14 days and undergo nasopharyngeal specimen collection postdischarge. Discharged patients found to be re\u2010positive were readmitted. We reviewed the clinical and epidemiological records of all discharged patients and apply log\u2010binomial models to obtain risk ratios for re\u2010positive status. One in five recovered patients subsequently test positive again for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u2014this risk is more than six times higher in persons aged 60 years and above. The average Ct value of re\u2010positive patients was lower predischarge compared with their readmission Ct value. Out of 111 close contacts tested, none were found to be positive as a result of exposure to a re\u2010positive patient. Our findings support prolonged but intermittent viral shedding as the probable cause for this phenomenon. We did not observe infectivity potential in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T10:21:55Z","timestamp":1592562115000},"page":"2847-2851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Probable causes and risk factors for positive SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 test in recovered patients: Evidence from Brunei Darussalam"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8850-2739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control Division Ministry of Health  Brunei Darussalam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8710-5427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wee Chian","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Strategic and Policy Studies  Brunei Darussalam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riamiza Natalie","family":"Momin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit RIPAS Hospital  Brunei Darussalam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Fathi","family":"Alikhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control Division Ministry of Health  Brunei Darussalam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noraskhin","family":"Fadillah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control Division Ministry of Health  Brunei Darussalam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1723-9854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Naing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences Universiti Brunei Darussalam  Brunei Darussalam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Guidance for discharge and ending isolation in the context of widespread community transmission of COVID\u201019 \u2013 first update. 8 April2020.https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/covid-19-guidance-discharge-and-ending-isolation-first%20update.pdf. Accessed April 26 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.10.2000191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"5204917","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of the recovered COVID\u201019 patients with re\u2010detectable positive RNA test [published online ahead of print March 30, 2020]","author":"Zhao Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa066"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Diagnostic efficacy of three test kits for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 nucleic acid detection [article in Chinese]","volume":"49","author":"Shen L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","article-title":"Test performance evaluation of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 serological assays [published online ahead of print May 17, 2020]","author":"Whitman JD","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"South Korea's COVID\u201019 infection status: from the perspective of re\u2010positive after viral clearance by negative testing","author":"Kang Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00037-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30174-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","article-title":"Positive RT\u2010PCR test results in discharged COVID\u201019 patients: reinfection or residual? [published online ahead of print March 19, 2020]","author":"Tao J","journal-title":"Res Square"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in a COVID\u201019 recovered patient cohort and their implications [published online ahead of print April 07, 2020]","author":"Wu X","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503843"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30196-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa351"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.26199","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.26199","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.26199","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.26199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T11:09:46Z","timestamp":1693825786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.26199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.26199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26199","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.04.30.20086082","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}