{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T08:37:28Z","timestamp":1778661448924,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    There is limited information on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) T\u2010cell immune responses in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019). Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells may be instrumental in resolution of and protection from SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. Here, we tested 25 hospitalized patients either with microbiologically documented COVID\u201019 (n\u2009=\u200919) or highly suspected of having the disease (n\u2009=\u20096) for presence of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010reactive CD69+ expressing interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) producing CD8+ T cells using flow\u2010cytometry for intracellular cytokine staining assay. Two sets of overlapping peptides encompassing the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Spike glycoprotein N\u2010terminal 1 to 643 amino acid sequence and the entire sequence of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 M protein were used simultaneously as antigenic stimulus. Ten patients (40%) had detectable responses, displaying frequencies ranging from 0.15 to 2.7% (median of 0.57 cells\/\u00b5L; range, 0.43\u20109.98 cells\/\u00b5L). The detection rate of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010reactive IFN\u2010\u03b3 CD8+ T cells in patients admitted to intensive care was comparable (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.28) to the rate in patients hospitalized in other medical wards. No correlation was found between SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010reactive IFN\u2010\u03b3 CD8+ T\u2010cell counts and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 S\u2010specific antibody levels. Likewise, no correlation was observed between either SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010reactive IFN\u2010\u03b3 CD8+ T cells or S\u2010specific immunoglobulin G\u2010antibody titers and blood cell count or levels of inflammatory biomarkers. In summary, in this descriptive, preliminary study we showed that SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010reactive IFN\u2010\u03b3 CD8+ T cells can be detected in a non\u2010negligible percentage of patients with moderate to severe forms of COVID\u201019. Further studies are warranted to determine whether quantitation of these T\u2010cell subsets may provide prognostic information on the clinical course of COVID\u201019.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T12:38:18Z","timestamp":1593002298000},"page":"375-382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010reactive interferon\u2010\u03b3\u2010producing CD8+ T cells in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Estela","family":"Gim\u00e9nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service,\u00a0Clinic University Hospital INCLIVA Health Research Institute  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliseo","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service,\u00a0Clinic University Hospital INCLIVA Health Research Institute  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service,\u00a0Clinic University Hospital INCLIVA Health Research Institute  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Remigia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Service, Clinic University Hospital INCLIVA Health Research Institute  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service,\u00a0Clinic University Hospital INCLIVA Health Research Institute  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department,\u00a0Clinic University Hospital INCLIVA Health Research Institute  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Intensive Care Unit, Clinic University Hospital INCLIVA Health Research Institute  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Service, Clinic University Hospital INCLIVA Health Research Institute  Valencia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of Valencia  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Forner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department,\u00a0Clinic University Hospital INCLIVA Health Research Institute  Valencia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of Valencia  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Red\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department,\u00a0Clinic University Hospital INCLIVA Health Research Institute  Valencia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine University of Valencia  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Signes\u2010Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Service, Clinic University Hospital INCLIVA Health Research Institute  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3010-4110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service,\u00a0Clinic University Hospital INCLIVA Health Research Institute  Valencia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine University of Valencia  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/dg\/speeches\/detail\/who-director-general-s-opening"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Coronavirus COVID\u201019 global cases by Johns Hopkins University(http:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.ed)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0897-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","article-title":"A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection","volume":"11","author":"Wang C","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat 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L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"30610","article-title":"Targets of T cell responses to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 coronavirus in humans with COVID\u201019 disease and unexposed individuals","volume":"0092","author":"Grifoni A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1434","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","article-title":"Enumeration of cytomegalovirus\u2010specific interferongamma CD8+ and CD4+ T cells early after allogeneic stem cell transplantation may identify patients at risk of active cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"93","author":"Solano C","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2009.172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01505-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.1.591"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-014-8534-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in a COVID\u201019 recovered patient cohort and their implications","author":"Wu F","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1746199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"w20249","article-title":"Is antibody\u2010dependent enhancement playing a role in COVID\u201019 pathogenesis?","volume":"150","author":"Negro F","year":"2020","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical 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