{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:26:11Z","timestamp":1762899971771,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]],"date-time":"2020-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of mild\u2010to\u2010moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) in a sample of Italian patients and to investigate the occurrence of smell and taste disorders. Infected individuals with suspected (clinical diagnosis) or laboratory\u2010confirmed COVID\u201019 infection were recruited. Patients completed a survey\u2010based questionnaire with the aim of assessing their epidemiological and clinical characteristics, general otorhinolaryngological symptoms, and smell and taste disorders. A total of 294 patients with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate COVID\u201019 completed the survey (147 females). The most prevalent general symptoms included fever, myalgia, cough, and headache. A total of 70.4% and 59.2% of patients reported smell and taste disorders, respectively. A significant association between the two above\u2010mentioned disorders was found (<jats:italic>rs<\/jats:italic>: 0.412; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Smell disorders occurred before the other symptoms in 11.6% of patients and was not significantly associated with nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea. Interestingly, our statistical analysis did not show any significant difference, either for general symptoms or otorhinolaryngological features, between the clinical diagnosis group and the laboratory\u2010confirmed diagnosis (polymerase chain reaction) group. The structural equation model confirmed significant standardized paths (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) between general symptoms, comorbidities, and general otorhinolaryngological complaints in the absence of a significant correlation between these elements and smell and taste alterations. The prevalence of smell and taste disorders in mild\u2010to\u2010moderate Italian COVID\u201019 patients is significant both in suspected and laboratory\u2010confirmed cases and reveals a strong correlation between these clinical signs regardless of the presence of general or otorhinolaryngological symptoms, such as nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T13:11:11Z","timestamp":1595682671000},"page":"983-994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["A structural equation model to examine the clinical features of mild\u2010to\u2010moderate COVID\u201019: A multicenter Italian study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5457-1509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Barillari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d University Naples Italy"},{"name":"COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Bastiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome R.","family":"Lechien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin\u2010en\u2010Yvelines Paris Saclay University  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuditta","family":"Mannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Molteni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies Paris France"},{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital AOUI Borgo Trento University of Verona  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Cantarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan University Milan University  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Policlinico Hospital  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5897-4949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d University Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d University Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora M. C.","family":"Trecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital of Foggia  Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calogero","family":"Grillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. 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Ingrassia' University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Chiesa\u2010Estomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Hospital Universitario Donostia  San Sebastian Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Vicini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otolaryngology University of Ferrara  Ferrara Italy"},{"name":"Head\u2010Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Head\u2010Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital Azienda USL Della Romagna  Forl\u00ec Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Saussez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint\u2010Pierre, School of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Nacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies Paris France"},{"name":"ENT Audiology Phoniatric Unit University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cammaroto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies Paris France"},{"name":"Head\u2010Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Head\u2010Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital Azienda USL Della Romagna  Forl\u00ec Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Novel coronavirus.2019.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/index.html. 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