{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T10:31:02Z","timestamp":1753439462689,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Imbalance in the immune response is one of the main pathogenic mechanisms of diseases related with <jats:italic>human immunodeficiency virus<\/jats:italic> (HIV)\/<jats:italic>human gammaherpesvirus 8<\/jats:italic> (HHV\u20108) coinfection, such as Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) and the Kaposi's sarcoma\u2010associated herpesvirus inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). However, significant changes in pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine levels may be observed in HIV\/HHV\u20108 individuals who are negative for KS, PEL, MCD, and\/or KICS. In this study, serum levels of interleukin\u20102 (IL\u20102), IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, tumor nucrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and interferon \u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) were assessed in 69 HIV and 48 HIV\/HHV\u20108 individuals, all negatives for HHV\u20108\u2010related diseases. The cytokines were measured by flow cytometry and analyzed by the Mann\u2013Whitney test. The <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05 and 95% confidence interval were considered in all analyzes. IL\u20104 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0155), IL\u20106 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0036), and IL\u201010 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0036) levels were significantly higher in HIV\/HHV\u20108 patients than in the HIV group. On the other hand, IL\u20102 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.2295), TNF\u2010\u03b1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.1216) and IFN\u2010\u03b3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.1178) did not differ between the groups analyzed. To our knowledge, to date, this is the first report on significant differences in the levels of IL\u20104 and IL\u20106 in HIV versus HIV\/HHV\u20108 individuals. Finally, these early findings are important as a prognostic tool and contribute to clarifying the HHV\u20108\u2010host interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T12:50:36Z","timestamp":1600951836000},"page":"4033-4037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of IL\u20102, IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and IFN\u2010\u03b3 cytokines in HIV\/HHV\u20108 coinfection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Dayvson Maur\u00edcio da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Sector, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Pernambuco Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana Prado","family":"Gon\u00e7ales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Sector, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Pernambuco Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Valter Joaquim","family":"Silva J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Sector, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Pernambuco Brazil"},{"name":"Virology Sector, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00edsa Regina Rocha","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Sector, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Pernambuco Brazil"},{"name":"Virology Sector, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luan Ara\u00fajo","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Sector, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Pernambuco Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia Maria","family":"Barros de Lorena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Recife Pernambuco Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5671-5756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Ros\u00e2ngela Cunha","family":"Duarte Co\u00ealho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Sector, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Pernambuco Brazil"},{"name":"Department of 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