{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:04:40Z","timestamp":1790676280840,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus, SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, has emerged to be highly pathogenic in nature. Although lungs are considered as the primary infected organs by SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, some of the other organs, including the brain, have also been found to be affected. Here, we have discussed how SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 might infect the brain. The infection of the respiratory center in the brainstem could be hypothesized to be responsible for the respiratory failure in many COVID\u201019 patients. The virus might gain entry through the olfactory bulb and invade various parts of the brain, including the brainstem. Alternatively, the entry might also occur from peripheral circulation into the central nervous system\u00a0by compromising the blood\u2013brain barrier. Finally, yet another possible entry route could be its dispersal from the lungs into the vagus nerve\u00a0via the pulmonary stretch receptors, eventually reaching the brainstem. Therefore, screening neurological symptoms in COVID\u201019 patients, especially toward\u00a0the breakdown of the respiratory center in the brainstem, might help us better understand this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T22:05:21Z","timestamp":1600293921000},"page":"1296-1303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Neuroinvasion of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 may play a role in the breakdown of the respiratory center of the brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8058-600X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jhilik","family":"Dey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research\u2010Indian Institute of Chemical Biology\u00a0(CSIR\u2010IICB) Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Chemical Biology\u2010Translational Research Unit of Excellence (IICB\u2010TRUE) Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md T.","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research\u2010Indian Institute of Chemical Biology\u00a0(CSIR\u2010IICB) Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Chemical Biology\u2010Translational Research Unit of Excellence (IICB\u2010TRUE) Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreyashi","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research\u2010Indian Institute of Chemical Biology\u00a0(CSIR\u2010IICB) Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Chemical Biology\u2010Translational Research Unit of Excellence (IICB\u2010TRUE) Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalaj","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Research Centre Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Upasana","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research\u2010Indian Institute of Chemical Biology\u00a0(CSIR\u2010IICB) Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Chemical Biology\u2010Translational Research Unit of Excellence (IICB\u2010TRUE) Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit K.","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research\u2010Indian Institute of Chemical Biology\u00a0(CSIR\u2010IICB) Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Chemical Biology\u2010Translational Research Unit of Excellence (IICB\u2010TRUE) Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prem P.","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research\u2010Indian Institute of Chemical Biology\u00a0(CSIR\u2010IICB) Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Chemical Biology\u2010Translational Research Unit of Excellence (IICB\u2010TRUE) Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"2781","article-title":"Differences and similarities between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)\u2010CoronaVirus (CoV) and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. Would a rose by another name smell as sweet?","volume":"24","author":"Ceccarelli M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-020-00272-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.289000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1690-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","article-title":"Neurological Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with COVID\u201019 in Wuhan,\u00a0China: a retrospective case series study","author":"Mao L","year":"2020","journal-title":"SSRN Electron\u00a0J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127"},{"issue":"233","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID\u201019 infection: a case report","volume":"76","author":"Sedaghat Z","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2009787"},{"issue":"115","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"COVID\u201019 presenting as stroke","volume":"87","author":"Avula A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009619"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30256-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.02.100148.002003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0402-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.19.8913-8921.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.04.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.14.1.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","article-title":"Response to Commentary on: \u201cThe neuroinvasive potential of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID\u201019 patients\u201d","volume":"10","author":"Li Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05723.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03121-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","article-title":"Encephalitic syndrome and anosmia in COVID\u201019: Do these clinical presentations really reflect SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 neurotropism? A theory based on the review of 25 COVID\u201019 cases","author":"Pouga L","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13372"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30221-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"00015","article-title":"First case of 2019 novel coronavirus disease with encephalitis","volume":"202003","author":"Xiang P","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChinaXiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14849"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m606"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22579"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0916-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30109-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/3595"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/322130a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2015.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25728"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.41-2-101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","article-title":"Olfactory transmucosal SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 invasion as port of Central Nervous System entry in COVID\u201019 1 patients 2","author":"Meinhardt J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Preprint from bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00386"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00737-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901930211"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00324.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","article-title":"Brainstem dysfunctionin SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection can be a potential cause of respiratory distress","author":"Machado C","year":"2020","journal-title":"Preprints"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25960"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e318173e830"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6434987"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200805-731OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.14538"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02897-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.7.3398-3406.2004"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"Advances in the research of cytokine storm mechanism induced by Corona Virus Disease 2019 and the corresponding immunotherapies","volume":"36","author":"Chen C","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25748"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030703"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.26521","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.26521","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.26521","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T03:57:38Z","timestamp":1693195058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.26521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.26521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26521","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}