{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:34:39Z","timestamp":1780677279596,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background\u00a0and\u00a0Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outbreak of COVID\u201019 has created a global public health crisis. Little is known about the predisposing factors of this infection. The aim of this\u00a0study was to explore an association between the serum vitamin D level, obesity, and underlying health conditions, as well as\u00a0the vulnerability to COVID\u201019 in the Iranian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a case\u2013control study of 201 patients with coronavirus infection and 201 controls. Cases and controls were matched for age and gender. The study was carried out for 2 months (February 2020\u2013April 2020) at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D was measured using the enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay method. Information containing age, gender, clinical symptoms, body mass index, computed tomography scan findings, and underlying health conditions related to each participant were elicited from health records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant negative correlation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02) was observed between the serum vitamin D level and developing coronavirus infection. Also, the results showed that the COVID\u201019 cases were more likely to be overweight than the controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.023). Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and respiratory infections were found in 20.89%, 9.65%, and 6.96% of cases, respectively. These underlying health conditions were not significantly different between cases and controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.81).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency and obesity are two main predisposing factors associated with the vulnerability to coronavirus infection in the Iranian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T09:06:32Z","timestamp":1607763992000},"page":"2359-2364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The association between the level of serum 25(OH) vitamin D, obesity, and underlying diseases with the risk of developing COVID\u201019 infection: A case\u2013control study of hospitalized patients in Tehran, Iran"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Abdollahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Imam Hospital Complex, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasti","family":"Kamali Sarvestani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Rafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department\u00a0of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine Guilan University of Medical Sciences  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ghaderkhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maedeh","family":"Mahmoudi\u2010Aliabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bita","family":"Jafarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Imam Hospital Complex, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1187-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Mehrtash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Imam Hospital Complex, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran 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