{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:52:10Z","timestamp":1781106730347,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008375","name":"Universit\u00e4t Basel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Personal Appointment Grant to HHH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Personal Appointment Grant to HHH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) is key to the clinical and epidemiological assessment of CoVID\u201019. We cross\u2010validated manual and automated high\u2010throughput testing for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010RNA, evaluated SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 loads in nasopharyngeal\u2013oropharyngeal swabs (NOPS), lower respiratory fluids, and plasma, and analyzed detection rates after lockdown\u00a0and relaxation measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Basel\u2010S\u2010gene, Roche\u2010E\u2010gene, and Roche\u2010cobas\u00ae6800\u2010Target1 and Target2 were prospectively validated in 1344 NOPS submitted during the first pandemic peak (Week 13). Follow\u2010up cohort\u00a0(FUP) 1, 2, and 3 comprised 10,999, 10,147, and 19,389 NOPS submitted during a 10\u2010week period\u00a0until Weeks 23, 33, and 43, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Concordant results were obtained in 1308 cases (97%), including 97 (9%) SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010positives showing high quantitative correlations (Spearman's\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u2009.95;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) for all assays and high precision by Bland\u2013Altman analysis. Discordant samples (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200936, 3%) had significantly lower SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 loads (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Following lockdown, detection rates declined to &lt;1% in FUP\u20101, reducing single\u2010test positive predictive values from 99.3% to 85.1%. Following relaxation, rates flared up to 4% and 12% in FUP\u20102 and \u20103, but infected patients were younger than during lockdown (34 vs. 52 years,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In 261 patients providing 936 NOPS, SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u00a0loads declined by three orders of magnitude within 10 days postdiagnosis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 loads in NOPS correlated with those in time\u2010matched lower respiratory fluids or in plasma\u00a0but remained detectable in some cases with negative follow\u2010up NOPS, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Manual and automated assays significantly correlated qualitatively and quantitatively. Following a successful lockdown, declining positive predictive values require independent dual\u2010target confirmation for reliable assessment. Confirmatory and quantitative follow\u2010up testing should be obtained within &lt;5 days\u00a0and consider lower respiratory fluids in symptomatic patients with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010negative NOPS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T10:45:21Z","timestamp":1607942721000},"page":"2374-2384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Epidemiology and precision of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 detection following lockdown and relaxation measures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5654-9356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karoline","family":"Leuzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Transplantation &amp; Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Gosert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstine K.","family":"S\u00f8gaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Microbiology Research, Laboratory Medicine, Department Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Laboratory Medicine University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Naegele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Bielicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases &amp; 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