{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:30:19Z","timestamp":1762918219174,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Fellowship, Grant Number: 306369\/2019\u20102 \u2013 PQ2 Fellowship, A.B.G.V"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Fellowship, Grant Number: 306369\/2019\u20102 \u2013 PQ2 Fellowship, A.B.G.V"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Influenza B virus (IBV) causes respiratory tract infections with mild, moderate, or life\u2010threatening symptoms. This study describes the epidemiology of IBV infection in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, over 17 years. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from outpatients presenting acute respiratory illness (ARI) between 2003 and 2019, and from inpatients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) from 2009 to 2019. IBV was detected by immunofluorescence assay or quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction; demographic and clinical data were analyzed.\u00a0In total, 48,656 cases of respiratory infection were analyzed, of which 20.45% were ARI, and 79.46% were SARI. Respiratory viruses accounted for 22.59% and 37.47% of the cases of ARI and SARI, respectively. Considering respiratory viral infections, 17.10% of ARI and 3.06% of SARI were associated with IBV. IBV circulated year\u2010round in RS, with an increase in autumn and winter, peaking in July (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.005). IBV infection showed an association with age, and most outpatients positive for IBV were between 10 and 49 years old, whereas IBV infection in SARI affected mainly individuals\u2009\u2264\u20091 year or\u2009\u2265\u200960 years old. No significant association was found between sex and IBV infection. Coryza, sore throat, and myalgia were associated with ARI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Moreover, 3.18% of the deaths associated with respiratory virus infection were positive for IBV; notably, cardiopathy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), metabolic disease (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and smoking (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003) were associated to fatality in IBV infection.\u00a0IBV is an important cause of severe respiratory infections, and the fatality risk is high in individuals with cardiopathy and metabolic diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T02:23:41Z","timestamp":1611714221000},"page":"4756-4762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Epidemiology of influenza B infection in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2003 to 2019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Marina Beretta","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)  Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9912-9060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana Sch\u00e4ffer","family":"Gregianini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Centro Estadual de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade da Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 LACEN\/CEVS\/SES\u2010RS, Av. Ipiranga  Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia G.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Estadual de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade da Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 CEVS\/SES\u2010RS, Av. 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