{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:30:20Z","timestamp":1789029020202,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The present study examined the relationship between polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test positivity and clinical outcomes of vitamin D levels measured within the 6 months before the PCR test in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019)\u2010positive patients. In this retrospective cohort study, COVID\u201019 (227) and non\u2010COVID\u201019 patients (260) were divided into four groups according to their vitamin D levels: Group I (0\u201310\u2009ng\/ml), Group II (10\u201320\u2009ng\/ml), Group III (20\u201330\u2009ng\/ml), and Group IV (vitamin D\u2009&gt;\u200930\u2009ng\/ml). Laboratory test results and the radiological findings were evaluated. In addition, for comparative purposes, medical records of 1200 patients who had a hospital visit in the November 1, 2019\u2013November 1, 2020 period for complaints due to reasons not related to COVID\u201019 were investigated for the availability of vitamin D measurements. This search yielded 260 patients with tested vitamin D levels.\u00a0Vitamin D levels were below 30\u2009ng\/ml in 94.27% of 227 COVID\u201019\u2010positive patients (average age, 46.32\u2009\u00b1\u20091.24 years [range, 20\u201380 years] and 56.54% women) while 93.07% of 260 non\u2010COVID\u201019 patients (average age, 44.63\u2009\u00b1\u20091.30 years [range, 18\u201375 years] and 59.50% women) had vitamin D levels below 30\u2009ng\/ml. Nevertheless, very severe vitamin D deficiency (&lt;10\u2009ng\/ml)\u00a0was considerably more common in COVID\u201019 patients (44%) (average age, 44.15\u2009\u00b1\u20091.89 years [range, 23\u201380 years] and 57.57% women) than in non\u2010COVID\u201019 ones (31%) (average age, 46.50\u2009\u00b1\u20092.21 years [range, 20\u201375 years] and 62.5% women). Among COVID\u201019\u2010positive patients, the group with vitamin D levels of\u2009\u2009&gt;30\u2009ng\/ml had significantly lower D\u2010dimer\u00a0and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) levels, number levels, number of affected lung segments and shorter hospital stays. No difference was found among the groups in terms of age and gender distribution.\u00a0Elevated vitamin D levels could decrease COVID\u201019 PCR positivity, D\u2010dime\u00a0and CRP levels and the number of affected lung segments in COVID\u201019\u2010positive patients, thereby shortening the duration of hospital stays and alleviating the intensity of COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T10:42:55Z","timestamp":1611916975000},"page":"2992-2999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency is associated with COVID\u201019 positivity and severity of the disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Demir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Tokat State Hospital Tokat Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadime","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Tokat Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4272-0562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatice","family":"Aygun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Tokat Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-020-00404-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000509483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e31821b8755"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2011.622716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of Serum 25 (OH) Vitamin D level on mortality in patients with COVID\u201019 in Turkey","author":"Karahan S","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr\u00a0Health Aging"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7i\u00e7ekZ Kalkan\u0130 Bilgen SivriB. 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