{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T06:33:31Z","timestamp":1781418811933,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is uncertain whether gastrointestinal (GI) infection caused by viral and bacterial pathogens may predispose to gastrointestinal acute Graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease (aGvHD\u2010GI) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (allo\u2010HSCT). We investigated the potential association between detection of enteropathogenic viruses or bacteria in stools and subsequent occurrence of aGvHD\u2010GI in a cohort of 121 allo\u2010HSCT patients. Eighty\u2010six out of 121 patients (71%) had acute diarrhea and underwent screening for primary GI pathogens by molecular diagnostic methods. One or more GI pathogens were detected in 27 out of the 86 patients with diarrhea (31.3%). Specifically, <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic> was found in 16 patients (18.6%), enteropathogenic viruses in 11 patients (12.7%) (<jats:italic>Astrovirus, n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094; <jats:italic>Norovirus, n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092; <jats:italic>Sapovirus, n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092; <jats:italic>Adenovirus, n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092; and <jats:italic>Rotavirus, n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091), and <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. in two patients (2.3%). Thirty patients were diagnosed with all grade aGvHD\u2010GI by histopathology. Detection of primary GI pathogens was achieved in 12 out of 30 patients (<jats:italic>Clostridium difficile, n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095; enteric viruses, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098; <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091) who either subsequently developed (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099) or previously had (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) grade I\u2010IV IaGvHD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099). Neither the detection of these microorganisms (all combined), enteric viruses, nor <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> was significantly associated with subsequent aGvHD\u2010GI development in Cox models (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20091.11, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.80; HR\u2009=\u20091.64, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.62; HR\u2009=\u20090.75, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.64, respectively). Analogous results were obtained when grade II\u2013IV aGvHD\u2010GI was selected as the clinical outcome. In summary, data in the current study did not support an association between GI infection and subsequent occurrence of aGvHD\u2010GI in an unselected cohort of allo\u2010HSCT recipients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T11:06:59Z","timestamp":1613732819000},"page":"4773-4779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An investigation of the potential association between gastrointestinal viral and bacterial infection and development of intestinal acute graft versus host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Felipe","family":"Bueno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, University Clinical Hospital Institute for Research INCLIVA  Valencia 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University and Polytechnic Hospital  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Buesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, University Clinical Hospital Institute for Research INCLIVA  Valencia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology,\u00a0, School of Medicine University of Valencia  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aitana","family":"Balaguer\u2010Rosell\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital  Valencia 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