{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T12:28:13Z","timestamp":1747225693801,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20he1122001","JP20jk0110021","JP20nk0101627","JP20wm0125003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20he1122001","JP20jk0110021","JP20nk0101627","JP20wm0125003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gold standard for coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019) diagnosis has been the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) RNA by nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT). On the other hand, serological testing for COVID\u201019 may offer advantages in detecting possibly overlooked infections by NAAT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate seroconversion of NAAT\u2010negative pneumonia patients, immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG targeting the spike protein of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 were semiquantified by an immunofluorescence assay. Seroconversion was confirmed by another serological method, targeting the nucleocapsid protein.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight suspected but unconfirmed COVID\u201019 pneumonia patients (median age, 39 years; range, 21\u201355) were included. The median period between symptom onset and NAAT sample collection was 6 days (2\u201327\u2009days). None of them had tested positive for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 by NAAT. In contrast, all eight patients revealed seropositivity with the two serological methods, indicating actual seroconversion against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. The median period between onset and blood sampling was 26.5 days (7\u201351\u2009days).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight patients with COVID\u201019 pneumonia, initially tested negative for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 by NAAT, were finally confirmed of the diagnosis by serological testing. To cover the whole spectrum of this heterogenous infectious disease, serology testing should be implemented to the multitiered diagnostic algorithm for COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T10:51:54Z","timestamp":1616151114000},"page":"4549-4552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Back to normal; serological testing for COVID\u201019 diagnosis unveils missed infections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8517-3941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoya","family":"Tsuchida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5026-478X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Nitahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences,\u00a0Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shotaro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5042-8476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Komase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine,\u00a0St. Marianna University School of Medicine Yokohama\u2010City Seibu Hospital Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Candray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences,\u00a0Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3615-2631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasutoshi","family":"Kido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences,\u00a0Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9780-9719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Nakagama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences,\u00a0Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukitaka","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimito","family":"Kawahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kunishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Fujitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masamichi","family":"Mineshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahide","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overview of testing for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 (COVID\u201019).https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/testing-overview.html.\u00a0Accessed November 15 2020.","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2020.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2026116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1495"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2702.204088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2028079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Seroconversion against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 occurred after the recovery in patients with COVID\u201019","volume":"93","author":"Yamamoto S","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-237239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2015897"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.26949","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.26949","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.26949","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T05:42:49Z","timestamp":1720503769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.26949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.26949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26949","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0146-6615"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1096-9071"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}