{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:59:16Z","timestamp":1761562756733,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDN\u2010143347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN\u2010143347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009326","name":"Cancer Research Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["70302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>We assessed carrageenan's potential to inhibit human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA extraction and amplification in vaginal swab samples collected in a trial, assessing the efficacy of a carrageenan\u2010based gel against HPV infections. Experiment #1 consisted of adding gel (carrageenan\u2010containing or placebo) to swabs and comparing HPV DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to unmanipulated samples collected from the same participants. For\u00a0Experiments #2 and #3, we tested vaginal samples for inhibition by addition of an internal control and amplification by real\u2010time PCR. Experiment #4 investigated carrageenan's interference with the extraction process by assessing HPV45 detectability in undiluted and diluted HPV45 positive samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) with carrageenan versus no gel. In Experiment #1, there was a loss of HPV positivity with the addition of carrageenan (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099), but none with placebo gel (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095). In Experiments #2 and #3, the absence of the amplified product was observed in samples from the carrageenan arm: 3.3% (1\/30) and 0.5% (1\/199) of samples. In Experiment #4, HPV45 was not detected in undiluted carrageenan\u2010containing samples, but after 1\/50 dilution, the same HPV45 copy number was detected. Carrageenan does not affect the DNA extraction process, and inhibition of HPV DNA amplification by carrageenan occurs infrequently.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T11:00:03Z","timestamp":1616583603000},"page":"6408-6411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessment of the possible inhibitory effect of carrageenan in human papillomavirus DNA testing by polymerase chain reaction amplification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7039-9999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra","family":"Laurie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5190-0370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam","family":"El\u2010Zein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4409-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo L.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2025-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Coutl\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de virologie mol\u00e9culaire, Centre de recherche Centre hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM)  Montr\u00e9al Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833db9ea"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2003.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2016.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.7.2512-2515.2000"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"332","article-title":"The effects of plant polysaccharides and buffer additives on PCR","volume":"12","author":"Demeke T","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"Study to Evaluate the Safety of Griffithsin in a Carrageenan Gel in Healthy Women(ClinicalTrials.gov).https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02875119?term=carrageenan%26draw=2%26rank=9. Accessed April 17 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Evaluating the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of PC\u20101005 Administered Rectally to HIV\u20101 Seronegative Adults(ClinicalTrials.gov).https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03408899?term=carrageenan%26draw=2%26rank=10. Accessed April 17 2020."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.26963","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.26963","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.26963","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T08:48:08Z","timestamp":1693126088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.26963"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.26963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26963","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0146-6615"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1096-9071"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}