{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:29:32Z","timestamp":1775197772995,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001688","name":"International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Contract No: CRP\/16\/010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract No: CRP\/16\/010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001688","name":"International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Reference No. CRP\/NGA 16-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Reference No. CRP\/NGA 16-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Poor systematic surveillance for Yellow Fever virus (YFV) is primarily due to lack of affordable diagnostic facilities in resource\u2010constrained countries. This study aimed at providing evidence\u2010based information on immunity against Yellow Fever with a view to assessing the possibility of the recent epidemics persisting in Nigeria. Six hundred patients with febrile illness seeking malaria test in selected hospitals were tested for YFV antibody using three serological assays: ELISA IgM, microneutralization test (MNT) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The three assays commonly detected YFV antibody (Ab) in 1.7% patients, MNT: IgM in 8.3%, IgM: PRNT in 7.1%, and MNT: PRNT in 3.2%. Immunity against YF was significantly higher in Bauchi and Borno than Adamawa and children aged 0\u20139 years compared to 20\u201329 years. YFV neutralizing antibody (nAb) strongly correlated with the vaccination status of the patients. More unvaccinated patients had nAb compared with the vaccinated. Immunity against YF among treated patients with antibiotic and\/or antimalaria before sample collection inversely correlated with the untreated. YVnAb among unvaccinated indicates natural infections. Acute YFV infections were mistaken for malaria and natural infections are ongoing. Individuals aged more than or equal to \u200920 years should be targeted during mass vaccination campaigns. With low population immunity, repetitive YF epidemics in Nigeria is not yet over. The current policy on Yellow Fever vaccination in Nigeria still leaves a large unimmunized population at the risk of epidemics. Sufficient mass vaccination in combination with National Programme on Immunization remains key to averting YF epidemics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T10:44:20Z","timestamp":1617101060000},"page":"4856-4864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessment of immunity against Yellow Fever virus infections in northeastern Nigeria using three serological assays"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1004-1717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marycelin M.","family":"Baba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid M.","family":"Yahaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel M.","family":"Ezra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Musa","family":"Adamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bulama M.","family":"Kulloma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayomi","family":"Ikusemoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography (Remote Sensing\/GIS Unit) University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Borno State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Momoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facts Foundation  Maiduguri Borno State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bamidele S.","family":"Oderinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences University of Maiduguri  Maiduguri Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. The NCDC is Aware of a Suspected Outbreak of Yellow Fever in Ebonyi State.2019.http:\/\/www.ncdc.gov.ng"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"645","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects of the 1969 Yellow fever epidemic in Nigeria","volume":"46","author":"Carey DE","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"The 1970 yellow fever epidemic in Okwoga District, Benue Plateau State, Nigeria. I. Epidemiological observations","volume":"49","author":"Monath TP","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2020. Emergencies preparedness response. Yellow fever \u2013 Nigeria 2019. Disease outbreak news. Available at:https:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/don\/26-september-2019-yellow-fever-nigeria\/en\/. 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