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Infectious agents have been considered as possible contributing factors in the pathogenesis of cholesteatomas. Aiming to investigate the presence of respiratory viruses in primary cholesteatoma tissues, 26 formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded primary cholesteatoma tissues obtained from patients seen at the of the Clinical Hospital of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine, in Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil were tested by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Considering the PCR results, 35% of the tissues were positive for human rhinovirus (HRV), 15.3% for human enterovirus (EV), 3.8% for human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and 3.8% for human bocavirus (HBoV). Serial immunohistochemistry for virus antigens and cell surface markers evidenced that the viruses were associated with fibroblasts, dendritic cells, macrophages, B lymphocytes, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes. These findings indicate for the first time the presence of active respiratory virus infection in primary cholesteatoma tissues, suggesting that persisting virus infection in the middle could play a role in the pathogenesis and evolution of cholesteatomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T17:34:22Z","timestamp":1622741662000},"page":"6132-6139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Detection of respiratory viruses in primary cholesteatoma tissues"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5722-4142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa M. 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