{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:56:28Z","timestamp":1787061388085,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    There is a great demand for more rapid tests for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 detection to reduce waiting time, boost public health strategies for combating disease, decrease costs, and prevent overwhelming laboratory capacities. This study was conducted to assess the performance of 10 lateral flow device viral antigen immunoassays for the detection of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. We analyzed 231 nasopharyngeal samples collected from October 2020 to December 2020, from suspected COVID\u201019 cases and contacts of positive cases at Biotechnology Research Center laboratories, Tripoli, Libya. The performance of 10 COVID\u201019 Antigen (Ag) rapid test devices for the detection of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antigen was compared to a quantitative reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010qPCR). In this study, 161 cases had symptoms consistent with COVID\u201019. The mean duration from symptom onset was 6.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3 days. The median cycle threshold (\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of positive samples was 25. Among the 108 positive samples detected by RT\u2010qPCR, the COVID\u201019 antigen (Ag) tests detected 83 cases correctly. All rapid Ag test devices used in this study showed 100% specificity. While tests from six manufacturers had an overall sensitivity range from 75% to 100%, the remaining four tests had a sensitivity of 50%\u201371.43%. Sensitivity during the first 6 days of symptoms and in samples with high viral loads (\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u200925), was 100% in all but two of the test platforms. False\u2010negative samples had a median\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 34 and an average duration of onset of symptoms of 11.3 days (range\u2009=\u20095\u201320 days). Antigen test diagnosis has high sensitivity and specificity in early disease when patients present less than 7 days of symptom onset. Patients are encouraged to test as soon as they get COVID\u201019\u2010related symptoms within 1 week and to seek medical advice within 24\u2009h if they develop disturbed smell\/taste. The use of rapid antigen tests is important for controlling the COVID\u201019 pandemic and reducing the burden on molecular diagnostic laboratories.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T10:48:56Z","timestamp":1625827736000},"page":"6512-6518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Time scale performance of rapid antigen testing for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102: Evaluation of 10 rapid antigen assays"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2356-6528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zakarya","family":"Abusrewil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department University of Tripoli  Tripoli Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3371-0215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inas M.","family":"Alhudiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Engineering Department Biotechnology Research Center  Tripoli Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamza H.","family":"Kaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias  Alcala De Henares Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salah Eldin","family":"El Meshri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department Biotechnology Research Center  Tripoli Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fawzi O.","family":"Ebrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology Department Biotechnology Research Center  Tripoli Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Dalyoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Engineering Department Biotechnology Research Center  Tripoli Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdussamee A.","family":"Efrefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Engineering Department Biotechnology Research Center  Tripoli Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Engineering Department Biotechnology Research Center  Tripoli Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed B.","family":"Elfghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias  Alcala De Henares Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suleiman","family":"Abusrewil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department University of Tripoli  Tripoli Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7086-5937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Elzagheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Engineering Department Biotechnology Research Center  Tripoli Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Rapid Antigen test. 2020.https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_20_2483. Accessed March 28 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Antigen\u2010detection in the diagnosis of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection using rapid immunoassays. Interim guidance. 2020.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/antigen-detection-in-the-diagnosis-of-sars-cov-2infection-using-rapid-immunoassays. Accessed March 28 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100924"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Press conference for scientific consultancy committee for coronavirus epidemic in Libya. 2020.https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=C16TxtEReuU. Accessed March 28 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"MedCalc's Diagnostic test evaluation calculator. 2020.https:\/\/www.medcalc.org\/calc\/diagnostic_test.php. Accessed January 22 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs | FDA.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/vitro-diagnostics-euas. Accessed December 24 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2021.104781"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.27124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202002_20379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140?6736(20)30154?9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03913-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4469"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.07.012"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.27186","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmv.27186","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.27186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T19:21:47Z","timestamp":1692991307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.27186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.27186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.27186","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.05.27.21257868","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}