{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:52:22Z","timestamp":1780476742310,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012021","name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Atazanavir\/Ritonavir\/Dolutegravir\/Hydroxychloroquine and Lopinavir\/Ritonavir\/Hydroxychloroquine treatment regimens in COVID\u201019 patients based on clinical and laboratory parameters. We prospectively evaluated the clinical and laboratory outcomes of 62 moderate to severe COVID\u201019 patients during a 10\u2010day treatment plan. Patients were randomly assigned to either KH (receiving Lopinavir\/Ritonavir [Kaletra] plus Hydroxychloroquine) or ADH (receiving Atazanavir\/Ritonavir, Dolutegravir, and Hydroxychloroquine) groups. During this period, clinical and laboratory parameters and outcomes such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission or mortality rate were recorded. Compared to the KH group, after the treatment period, patients in the ADH group had higher activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (12, [95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.97, 17.06), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009&lt;0.01), international normalized ratio (INR) (0.17, [95% CI: 0.07, 0.27), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009&lt;0.01) and lower C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) (\u221214.29, (95% CI: \u221226.87, \u22121.71), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) and potassium (\u22120.53, (95% CI: \u22121.03, \u22120.03), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) values. Moreover, a higher number of patients in the KH group needed invasive ventilation (6 (20%) vs. 1 (3.1%), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05) and antibiotic administration (27 (90%) vs. 21(65.6), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) during hospitalization while patients in the ADH group needed more corticosteroid administration (9 (28.1%) vs. 2 (6.7%), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). There was no difference in mortality rate, ICU admission rate, and hospitalization period between the study groups. Our results suggest that the Atazanavir\/Dolutegravir treatment regimen may result in a less severe disease course compared to the Lopinavir\/Ritonavir treatment regimen and can be considered as an alternative treatment option beside\u00a0standard care. However, to confirm our results, larger\u2010scale studies are recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T14:10:33Z","timestamp":1626185433000},"page":"6557-6565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparing the effectiveness of Atazanavir\/Ritonavir\/Dolutegravir\/Hydroxychloroquine and Lopinavir\/Ritonavir\/Hydroxychloroquine treatment regimens in COVID\u201019 patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9896-4139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Kalantari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9731-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soheil R.","family":"Fard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1252-8035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donya","family":"Maleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3133-7859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahshid T.","family":"Taher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1915-6596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynab","family":"Yassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4480-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousef","family":"Alimohamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8787-5971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Minaeian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2021.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/weekly-epidemiological-update--9-february-2021. 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