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Studies have found that neuroinflammation caused by viral infection in early life can affect brain development and impair learning and memory function, revealing the important role of neuroinflammation in cognitive impairment caused by viral infection. However, there is no research to explore the pathogenic mechanism of BoDV\u20101 in cognition from the direction of neuroinflammation.\u00a0We established a BoDV\u20101 infection model in rats, and tested the learning and memory impairment by Morris water maze (MWM) experiment. RNAseq was introduced to detect changes in the gene expression profile of BoDV\u20101 infection, focusing on inflammation factors and related signaling pathways.\u00a0BoDV\u20101 infection impairs the learning and memory of Sprague\u2010Dawley rats in the MWM test and increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. RNAseq analysis found 986 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 845 genes were upregulated and 141 genes were downregulated, and 28 genes were found to be enriched in the toll\u2010like receptor (TLR) pathway. The expression of TLR4, MyD88, and IRF5 in the hippocampus was significantly changed in the BoDV\u20101 group.\u00a0Our results indicate that BoDV\u20101 infection stimulates TLR4\/MyD88\/IRF5 pathway activation, causing the release of downstream inflammatory factors, which leads to neuroinflammation in rats. Neuroinflammation may play a significant role in learning and memory impairment caused by BoDV\u20101 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T13:10:12Z","timestamp":1626268212000},"page":"6163-6171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["BoDV\u20101 infection induces neuroinflammation by activating the TLR4\/MyD88\/IRF5 signaling pathway, leading to learning and memory impairment in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing 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