{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:29:20Z","timestamp":1787164160012,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) causes a wide spectrum of syndromes involving multiple organ systems and is primarily mediated by viral spike (S) glycoprotein through the receptor\u2010binding domain (RBD) and numerous cellular proteins including ACE2, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), kidney injury molecule\u20101 (Kim\u20101), and neuropilin\u20101 (NRP\u20101). In this study, we examined the entry tropism of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and SARS\u2010CoV using S protein\u2010based pseudoviruses to infect 22 cell lines and 3 types of primary cells isolated from respiratory, urinary, digestive, reproductive, and immune systems. At least one cell line or type of primary cell\u00a0from each organ system was infected by both pseudoviruses. Infection by pseudoviruses is effectively blocked by S1, RBD, and ACE2 recombinant proteins, and more weakly by Kim\u20101 and NRP\u20101 recombinant proteins. Furthermore, cells with robust SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pseudovirus infection had strong expression of either ACE2 or Kim\u20101 and NRP\u20101 proteins. ACE2 glycosylation appeared to be critical for the infections of both viruses as there was a positive correlation between infectivity of either SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 or SARS\u2010CoV pseudovirus with the level of glycosylated ACE2 (gly\u2010ACE2). These results reveal that SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 cell entry could be mediated by either an ACE2\u2010dependent or \u2010independent mechanism, thus providing a likely molecular basis for its broad tropism for a wide variety of cell types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T09:50:14Z","timestamp":1627552214000},"page":"6671-6685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pseudovirus infectivity and expression of viral entry\u2010related factors ACE2, TMPRSS2, Kim\u20101, and NRP\u20101 in human cells from the respiratory, urinary, digestive, reproductive, and immune systems"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh 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