{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:11:15Z","timestamp":1786446675261,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013392","name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et des Services sociaux","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to validate the use of spring water gargle (SWG) as an alternative to oral and nasopharyngeal swab (ONPS) for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 detection with a laboratory\u2010developed test.\u00a0Healthcare workers and adults from the general population, presenting to one of two COVID\u201019 screening clinics in Montr\u00e9al and Qu\u00e9bec City, were prospectively recruited to provide a gargle sample in addition to the standard ONPS. The paired specimens were analyzed using thermal lysis followed by a laboratory\u2010developed nucleic acid amplification test (LD\u2010NAAT) to detect SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, and comparative performance analysis was performed. An individual was considered infected if a positive result was obtained on either sample.\u00a0A total of 1297 adult participants were recruited. Invalid results (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918) were excluded from the analysis. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 was detected in 144\/1279 (11.3%) participants: 126 from both samples, 15 only from ONPS, and 3 only from SWG. Overall, the sensitivity was 97.9% (95% CI: 93.7\u201399.3) for ONPS and 89.6% (95% CI: 83.4\u201393.6; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005) for SWG. The mean ONPS <jats:italic>cycle threshold<\/jats:italic> (C<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>) value was significantly lower for the concordant paired samples as compared to discordant ones (22.9 vs. 32.1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\u00a0In conclusion, using an LD\u2010NAAT with thermal lysis, SWG is a less sensitive sampling method than the ONPS. However, the higher acceptability of SWG might enable a higher rate of detection from a population\u2010based perspective. Nonetheless, in patients with a high clinical suspicion of COVID\u201019, a repeated analysis with ONPS should be considered. The sensitivity of SWG using NAAT preceded by chemical extraction should be evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T11:10:53Z","timestamp":1634814653000},"page":"985-993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Natural spring water gargle samples as an alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 detection using a laboratory\u2010developed test"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gobeille Par\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de microbiologie\u2010infectiologie et d'immunologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Universit\u00e9 Laval Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Bestman\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de 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