{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T11:33:07Z","timestamp":1769081587867,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is high in hemophilia A patients and the development of FVIII inhibitor is another challenge in the management of these individuals. The influence of HCV infection in the occurrence of inhibitors was investigated by\u00a0the comparison of clinical and laboratory data from noninfected (NI, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200996) and chronically HCV\u2010infected (HCV, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200958) hemophilia A patients. Concentrations of plasmatic cytokines (IL\u20102, IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, TNF, IFN\u2010\u03b3, and IL\u201017A) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10) were quantified from patients' samples. The results showed that older age, use of cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma, and severe hemophilia were associated with HCV infection, whereas exclusive use of virus inactivated clotting factors was a protector factor to acquiring HCV infection. HCV infection was strongly associated with low levels of inhibitor (OR\u2009=\u200920.53, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Patients with a history of inhibitor (INB+) presented a mixed immune profile characterized by higher levels of pro\u2010and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines than those without a history of inhibitor (INB\u2212). The highest levels of CCL2 and CXCL8 were seen in HCV<jats:sup>INB\u2212<\/jats:sup>, whereas CXCL9 and CXCL10 in HCV<jats:sup>INB+<\/jats:sup>. Heatmap analysis of the set of cytokines and chemokines concentration distributed HCV patients into two distinct clusters, HCV<jats:sup>INB+<\/jats:sup> and HCV<jats:sup>INB\u2010<\/jats:sup>, both characterized by low concentrations of IL\u20104, while noninfected patients were grouped in a single block regardless of inhibitor development history (NI<jats:sup>INB\u2212\/INB+<\/jats:sup>). This finding suggests that the strong association between HCV infection and low levels of factor VIII inhibitors might be due to the modulation of the cytokine and chemokine network established by the antiviral response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T09:30:26Z","timestamp":1636104626000},"page":"683-691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["HCV infection in hemophilia A patients is associated with altered cytokines and chemokines profile and might modulate the levels of FVIII inhibitor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Eduarda","family":"Bolina\u2010Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia B\u00e1sica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Pesquisa, Ger\u00eancia de Desenvolvimento T\u00e9cnico Cient\u00edfico Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hemominas Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria C. F.","family":"da Silva\u2010Malta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Pesquisa, Ger\u00eancia de Desenvolvimento T\u00e9cnico Cient\u00edfico Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hemominas Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo A.","family":"Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulat\u00f3rio de Infectologia, Hemocentro de Belo Horizonte Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hemominas Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edel F.","family":"Barbosa\u2010Stancioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia B\u00e1sica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais 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